Phenacosaurus neblininus, new species, was discovered during the 1984-1985 expedition to Cerro de la Neblina on the Venezuelan-Brazilian border. It was found at several highland camps (> 1600 m) but seems unaccountably rare, with only six specimens collected. The closest relative of this lizard may be another new species (Williams et al., MS) known from a single specimen from Chimanta Tepui -- some 600 km to the northeast of Neblina. Except for these two Venezuelan tepui species, Phenacosaurus has a strictly Andean distribution, from northwestern Venezuela to Peru.