Astronomical optical interferometry from the lunar surface: High sensitivity at sub-miliarcsecond scales

The lunar surface is a compelling opportunity for large, distributed optical facilities, with significant advantages over orbital facilities for high spatial resolution astrophysics. Serious development of mission concepts is timely because of the confluence of multiple compelling factors. First, lunar access technology is maturing rapidly, in the form of both US uncrewed and crewed landers, as well as international efforts. Accompanying that has been a definitive maturation of astronomical optical interferometry technologies at Earth-based facilities over the past three decades – opening exquisitely sharp views on the universe previously unob- tainable, though limited at present by the Earth’s atmosphere. Importantly, the increasing knowledge and experience base about lunar surface operations indicates it is not just suitable but highly attractive for lunar telescopes arrays.