Community synchrony in seed production is associated with trait similarity and climate across North America

Mast seeding, the synchronous and highly variable production of seed crops in perennial plants, is a population level phenomenon and has cascading effects in ecosystems. Mast seeding studies are typically conducted at the population/species level. Much less is known about synchrony in mast seeding between species because the necessary long-term data are rarely available. To investigate synchrony between species within communities, we used long-term data from seven forest communities in the US Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, ranging from tropical rainforest to taiga. We focus on cross-species synchrony and i) quantify synchrony in reproduction overall and within LTER sites, ii) test for relationships between synchrony with trait and phylogenetic similarity, and iii) investigate how climate conditions are related to levels of synchrony. Overall, synchrony in reproduction between woody plant species was greater than expected by chance, but also spanned a wide range of values between species. Based on 11 traits for 103 species (plus phylogenetic relatedness), cross-species synchrony in reproduction was driven primarily by trait similarity with phylogeny being largely unimportant, and synchrony was higher in sites with greater climatic water deficit. Synchronous masting within a community has consequences for understanding forest regeneration dynamics and consumer-resource interactions.