Criteria for evaluating state instream-flow programs: Deciding what works

Most states have adopted some form of instream-flow–protection program. These programs are of three types: instream-flow water rights; reservations of water for instream purposes; and conditions on consumptive water rights. No matter which type of protection program is adapted, the same question remains: How can we tell if it works? Several authors have attempted to answer this question. The works of these analysts are reviewed and criteria are suggested to evaluate the success of an instream-flow–protection program. The criteria are public confidence, certainty, proper administration, expense, and outcome in-stream.