Deposition of anal-sac secretions by captive wolves (Canis lupus)

Deposition of anal-sac secretions by captive wolves was investigated by a labelling technique using protein-bound iodine¹²⁵ and food dye. Wolves deposited secretions on some but not all scats. Adult males, especially the alpha male, deposited anal-sac secretions more frequently while defecating than did females or juveniles. Secretions sometimes also were deposited independently of defecation, suggesting a dual role in communication by these substances.