The St. Croix River contains a diverse and abundant group of freshwater mussels. The St. Croix is one of the few rivers in the Midwest not substantially affected by the invasion of the exotic zebra mussel, which encrusts and kills native freshwater mussels. Increased concentrations of ammonia in river sediments, however, poses a significant threat to mussels.
Citation Information
| Publication Year | 2004 |
|---|---|
| Title | Effects of ammonia on freshwater mussels in the St. Croix River |
| DOI | 10.3133/fs20043046 |
| Authors | Teresa J. Newton |
| Publication Type | Report |
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Series Title | Fact Sheet |
| Series Number | 2004-3046 |
| Index ID | fs20043046 |
| Record Source | USGS Publications Warehouse |