Preparing for geophysical science on the surface of the moon enabled by Artemis

Geophysical methods have been extremely successful in identifying resources on Earth as they provide a means of characterizing and mapping the sub-surface using data gathered on and above the target structures. Geophysics on the Moon will be an important tool for identifying key targets for geological prospecting, scientific sampling, assessing hazards and risks to crew and infrastructure, and determining the near subsurface and deeper workings of the lunar interior. Artemis will require 21st century geophysics instruments to advance lunar science and exploration, similar to how Apollo gathered geophysical data that is still leading to scientific discoveries 50 years later.