S2HM must be real-time or not?

Seismic structural health monitoring (S²HM) has advanced significantly in the last three decades. However, currently there is no consensus on the need for real-time processing of data acquired during an earthquake. Numerous applications exist whereby S²HM-equipped systems record valuable seismic response data. A delayed use of the seismic data prohibits timely discovery of hidden damages in a structure which, in turn, possibly increases its vulnerability during events to follow – with increased risk to occupants. Such risks are of particular concern when, for example, there are long-distance/long period effects e.g. for tall buildings and long-span bridges that are significantly affected by events that originate at far distances. These phenomena necessitate near real-time monitored data to make timely data-based informed decisions on the health or performance of the affected structure. The paper discusses criteria for functionality and occupiability thresholds in actual applications.