Conference Papers

Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) increasingly relies on automated analysis of authoritative geospatial data, exposing limitations in data infrastructures originally designed for simple dissemination rather than for knowledge-driven use. From the perspective of scientific spatial data providers, the challenge is enabling GeoAI responsibly while retaining semantic clarity...

No abstract available.

The Catskill Mountains of New York state are composed of thick sequences of interbedded mudstone, sandstone, and siltstone that are intercalated with thin beds of paludal limestone and calcareous mudstone. Sandstones often contain rip-up clasts of calcareous material at their bases and contain minor amounts of carbonate cement throughout their mass. This minor amount of calcareous...

Avalanche hazard has been studied extensively in the context of human risk, but its role in alpine wildlife ecology remains poorly understood. Long-term telemetry studies have revealed that avalanches are an important source of mortality for some mountain ungulates. Investigating the processes underlying these events is challenging because avalanche activity and snowpack conditions are...

Forecasting wet slab avalanches remains one of the most demanding challenges in operational avalanche forecasting. A key obstacle is the difficulty of observing and quantifying liquid water content (LWC) and tracking its infiltration into the snowpack. Field measurements are labor-intensive, highly variable in space, and often influenced by user application or sensor design — making them

Forecasting wet snow avalanches remains a major challenge due to their temporal and spatial variability. Long-term climate trends are producing more variable and extreme weather, creating conditions outside historical experience, and increasing forecasting uncertainties. To assess how climate change affects the frequency and timing of wet snow avalanches, we examined the long-term...

Wet slab avalanches (WSAs) release when liquid water reduces the strength of a buried weak layer or interface, and their timing is governed primarily by the snowpack energy balance and the movement of meltwater. We classified 717 WSAs from the Colorado Avalanche Information Center database (2011–2025) into five start-zone terrain categories and analysed the timing of naturally triggered...

Avalanche destructive (D) size classifications are essential for forecasting, communication, and risk management, yet size estimation remains one of the more subjective elements of avalanche assessment. Practitioners typically rely on visual impressions of destructive potential, path length, and estimated mass and volume. Recent work indicates that size is often underestimated even by...

Glide avalanches pose a notable hazard during annual spring snow removal operations along the Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR) in Glacier National Park (GNP), USA. Glide cracks consistently form on specific slopes near and above the GTSR. Some glide crack locations produce glide avalanches most years (known as repeater paths), whereas others are less predictable and either release or melt in...

While conducting avalanche mitigation or traveling through the backcountry, avalanche professionals sometimes experience a "whumpf": a collapse-mode crack accompanied by surface cracking that does not produce an avalanche. These whumpfs are a clear warning sign of instability in the surrounding terrain. But assessing the collapsed slope itself, if it is steep enough to avalanche, carries...

River meander patterns arise from geomorphological processes influenced by climate, geology, terrain, and hydrology. These processes produce a wide spectrum of sinuous channel and meander forms, and understanding them is essential for land management practices, such as natural channel restoration (Dominguez et al., 2018), flood and erosion control, bank stabilization (U.S. Department of...

No abstract available.