An immunodiffusion test is described which provides a rapid, sensitive, and definitive diagnosis of corynebacterial kidney disease of salmonid fishes. Specific precipitin lines are formed within 24 h when rabbit antiserum is reacted with kidney disease cell suspensions or internal tissue homogenates containing the specific bacterium. No precipitin lines are formed with tissue homogenates from healthy fish or from those injected with other fish pathogenic bacteria.