Stratigraphy and paleoceanography of Pliocene deposits of Karaginsky Island, eastern Kamchatka, U.S.S.R.

The lithology and paleontology of Pliocene deposits from Karaginsky Island, off eastern Kamchatka Peninsula, U.S.S.R., are described in order to provide a paleoceanographic reconstruction of this region of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The stratigraphic sequence is divided into three suites - the Limimtevayamian, the Ust-Limimtevayamian, and the Tusatuvayamian, which correspond to three standard Pacific diatom zones - the Thalassiosira oestrupii, Neodenticula koizumi-N. kamtschatica, and N. koizumi. The entire sequence is further subdivided into six members and 18 distinct beds on the basis of molluscan assemblages and three members and seven beds on the basis of benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Marine ostracodes are described from the Limimtevayamian suite. The marine invertebrate assemblages from Karaginsky Island provide evidence that: (1) ocean water temperatures were warmer than today about 4 Ma and again about 3.5-3.0 Ma; (2) several Arctic-Atlantic species of molluscs and ostracodes migrated to the eastern North Pacific between 4.2-3.0 Ma, presumably through the proto-Bering Strait; (3) many species found in the Karaginsky Island Pliocene represent Pacific taxa which migrated through the Arctic into the North Atlantic during the late Pliocene. ?? 1991.