Synthesizing ground magnetic disturbance using dipole-aligned loop elementary currents and Biot-Savart relationship

This report presents a method for constructing a simplified numerical description of the electric current distributions in the ionosphere and gap region based on dipole-aligned loop elementary currents (DALECs). A theoretical basis for DALECs is presented, along with a prototypical algorithm for constructing an elementary numerical DALEC. The algorithm is verified and validated by combining DALECs with an efficient Biot-Savart solver in order to estimate magnetic disturbance on the Earth’s surface. We examine (1) simple scenarios with known solutions and (2) hemispherical magnetic disturbance fields obtained from a state-of-the-art global geospace circulation model.