Tannins as nutritional constraints for elk and deer of the coastal Pacific Northwest.

In the coastal Pacific Northwest, diets of elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) and deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) are dominated by shrubs, ferns, and forbs solution^17,18 or agarose gel.¹⁹ In this paper, we refer to the capacity to precipitate proteins as astringency.²⁰