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Based on 151 neonate elk calves radio-tagged in YNP, bears accounted for 55-60% of deaths, coyotes, 10-15%, and wolves 10-15%. More than 70% of this predation occurred within the calves' first 15 days.
Citation Information
Publication Year
2005
Title
Yellowstone elk calf mortality following wolf restorations: Bears remain top summer predators