George G Esslinger
Using new technologies to study ecosystems; sea otter ecology; geographic information systems; population estimation; predator/prey interactions.
Professional Experience
1998 - Present Zoologist, USGS, Alaska Biological Science Center Anchorage, Alaska
1995 - 1998 Fish and Wildlife Biologist, USGS, Alaska Biological Science Center Anchorage, Alaska
1993 - 1995 Biological Science Technician, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Alaska Fish & Wildlife Research Center Anchorage, Alaska
1989 - 1993 Biological Science Technician, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management Anchorage, Alaska
Education and Certifications
M.S. 2011 University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK Biological Sciences
B.S. 1993 Humboldt State University Arcata, CA Wildlife
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 20
Sea Otter Survey Data, Carcass Recovery Data, and Blood Chemistry Data from Southwest Alaska Sea Otter Survey Data, Carcass Recovery Data, and Blood Chemistry Data from Southwest Alaska
Three data sets are included here to aid in assessment of the sea otter population collapse in southwest Alaska. One data set consists of results of sea otter surveys conducted between 1959 and 2015 at Bering Island, Russia and a selection of western Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Sea otter counts are reduced to a comparable value of otters per linear kilometer. Another data set consists...
Morphometric and Reproductive Status Data for Sea Otters Collected or Captured in Alaska Morphometric and Reproductive Status Data for Sea Otters Collected or Captured in Alaska
This dataset includes morphometric measurements and pregnancy / dependency status from sea otters captured or collected (experimental harvests or recovered after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill) in Alaska, 1947-2019 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Data collected include total body length, tail length, body mass, axillary girth, paw width...
Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Southeast Alaska, 2002-2003 Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Southeast Alaska, 2002-2003
The data package "Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Southeast Alaska, 2002-2003" provides raw data for examining abundance and distribution of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Southeast Alaska, based on data collected during a series of population-wide aerial surveys. The USGS aerial sea otter surveys have been completed multiple times using consistent methodology...
Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2008-2018 Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2008-2018
These data are part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long term monitoring program, nearshore monitoring component. Specifically, these data describe sea otter (Enhydra lutris) aerial survey observations from the waters around Katmai National Park and Preserve from surveys conducted in 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2018. Sea otters are a keystone predator, well known for structuring the nearshore...
Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999-2012 Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999-2012
The data package "Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999-2012"; provides raw data for examining abundance and distribution of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in southeast Alaska, based on data collected during a series of population-wide aerial surveys. The USGS aerial sea otter surveys have...
Intertidal Soft-Sediment Bivalves from Prince William Sound, Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park Intertidal Soft-Sediment Bivalves from Prince William Sound, Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park
These data are part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long-term monitoring program and describe bivalve count and size sampling and observations conducted at intertidal soft-sediment sampling sites in the northern Gulf of Alaska. This dataset consists of five comma separated files (.csv): 1) bivalve taxonomy table, 2) bivalve sampling site table, 3) bivalve count table, 4) bivalve size...
Marine Bird and Mammal Survey Data from Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park Marine Bird and Mammal Survey Data from Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park
These data are part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long term monitoring program, nearshore monitoring component. The dataset is a series of comma separated files exported from a survey software program (DLog, Ford Consulting, Portland, OR). The data consists of date, time, latitude, longitude, species abbreviation, count, and behavior. Each year the observers attempt to sample the same...
Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Kenai Fjords National Park, 2002-2016 Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Kenai Fjords National Park, 2002-2016
These data are is part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long term monitoring program, nearshore monitoring component. Specifically, these data describe sea otter (Enhydra lutris) aerial survey observations from the waters around Kenai Fjords National Park between 2002 and 2016. Sea otters are a keystone predator, well known for structuring the nearshore marine ecosystem through their...
Filter Total Items: 36
Aerial surveys of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, May, 2017 Aerial surveys of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, May, 2017
Portions of two stocks of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) occur in Lower Cook Inlet (LCI), Alaska. Sea otters on the west side of LCI are considered part of the southwest Alaska stock; sea otters occupying eastern LCI are considered part of the southcentral Alaska stock. Information concerning the distributions and abundance of sea otters in LCI is needed to track the status...
Authors
Joel Gerlach-Miller, George Esslinger, Ben Weitzman
Monitoring dynamic spatio-temporal ecological processes optimally Monitoring dynamic spatio-temporal ecological processes optimally
Population dynamics vary in space and time. Survey designs that ignore these dynamics may be inefficient and fail to capture essential spatio‐temporal variability of a process. Alternatively, dynamic survey designs explicitly incorporate knowledge of ecological processes, the associated uncertainty in those processes, and can be optimized with respect to monitoring objectives. We...
Authors
Perry Williams, Mevin Hooten, Jamie Womble, George Esslinger, Michael Bower
Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez oil spill Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez oil spill
Research and monitoring activities over the 28 years since the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground and spilled oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska have led to an improved understanding of how wildlife populations were damaged, as well as the mechanisms and timelines of recovery. A key finding was that for some species, such as harlequin ducks and sea otters, chronic oil spill effects...
Authors
Daniel Esler, Brenda Ballachey, Craig Matkin, Daniel Cushing, Robert Kaler, James Bodkin, Daniel Monson, George Esslinger, Kimberly Kloecker
An integrated data model to estimate spatiotemporal occupancy, abundance, and colonization dynamics An integrated data model to estimate spatiotemporal occupancy, abundance, and colonization dynamics
Ecological invasions and colonizations occur dynamically through space and time. Estimating the distribution and abundance of colonizing species is critical for efficient management or conservation. We describe a statistical framework for simultaneously estimating spatiotemporal occupancy and abundance dynamics of a colonizing species. Our method accounts for several issues that are...
Authors
Perry Williams, Mevin Hooten, Jamie Womble, George Esslinger, Michael R. Bower, Trevor Hefley
Variability within nearshore ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska Variability within nearshore ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska
Nearshore marine habitats, which represent the interface among air, land and sea, form a critical component of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) ecosystem. As an interface, the nearshore facilitates transfer of water, nutrients and biota between terrestrial and oceanic systems, creating zones of high productivity. The nearshore provides a variety of ecosystem services, including (1) nursery...
Authors
Brenda Ballachey, James Bodkin, Heather Coletti, Thomas Dean, Daniel Esler, George Esslinger, Katrin Iken, Kimberly Kloecker, Brenda Konar, Mandy Lindeberg, Daniel Monson, Marnie Shepherd, Ben P. Weitzman
Monitoring population status of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: options and considerations Monitoring population status of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: options and considerations
After many decades of absence from southeast Alaska, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are recolonizing parts of their former range, including Glacier Bay, Alaska. Sea otters are well known for structuring nearshore ecosystems and causing community-level changes such as increases in kelp abundance and changes in the size and number of other consumers. Monitoring population status of sea otters...
Authors
George Esslinger, Daniel Esler, S. Howlin, L.A. Starcevich
Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
In March 1989, the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska and spilled an estimated 42 million liters of crude oil (Wolfe et al. 1994). This oil subsequently spread over more than 26,000 km2 of water surface in PWS and the Gulf of Alaska and landed on more than 1000 km of shoreline (Spies et al. 1996, Short et al. 2004; see Fig. 1 in Esler et al., this report)...
Authors
Daniel Esler, James Bodkin, Brenda Ballachey, Daniel Monson, Kimberly Kloecker, George Esslinger
Temporal patterns in the foraging behavior of sea otters in Alaska Temporal patterns in the foraging behavior of sea otters in Alaska
Activity time budgets in apex predators have been proposed as indicators of population status relative to resource limitation or carrying capacity. We used archival time-depth recorders implanted in 15 adult female and 4 male sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from the northernmost population of the species, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, to examine temporal patterns in their foraging...
Authors
George Esslinger, James Bodkin, André R. Breton, Jennifer Burns, Daniel H. Monson
2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska 2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska
On March 24, 1989, the tanker vessel Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling an estimated 42 million liters of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Oil spread in a southwesterly direction and was deposited on shores and waters in western Prince William Sound (WPWS). The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) was one of more than 20 nearshore species considered to have been injured by...
Authors
Brenda Ballachey, Daniel H. Monson, George Esslinger, Kimberly Kloecker, James Bodkin, Lizabeth Bowen, A. Miles
Synthesis of nearshore recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: sea otter liver pathology and survival in Western Prince William Sound, 2001 – 2008 Synthesis of nearshore recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: sea otter liver pathology and survival in Western Prince William Sound, 2001 – 2008
We examined livers and liver biopsies collected from captured sea otters in WPWS, 2001–2008, to determine whether indicators of liver health correlated with history of oil contamination from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Sea otters captured in oiled areas had a significantly higher proportion of livers with gross pathological change, based on visual inspection at the time of capture...
Authors
Brenda Ballachey, Daniel H. Monson, Kimberly Kloecker, George Esslinger, F.C. Mohr, T.P. Lipscomb, M.J. Murray, S. Howlin
Long-term effects of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Sea otter foraging in the intertidal as a pathway of exposure to lingering oil Long-term effects of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Sea otter foraging in the intertidal as a pathway of exposure to lingering oil
The protracted recovery of some bird and mammal populations in western Prince William Sound (WPWS), Alaska, and the persistence of spilled 'Exxon Valdez' oil in intertidal sediments, suggests a pathway of exposure to consumers that occupy nearshore habitats. To evaluate the hypothesis that sea otter (Enhydra lutris) foraging allows access to lingering oil, we contrast spatial relations...
Authors
James Bodkin, Brenda Ballachey, Heather Coletti, George Esslinger, Kimberly Kloecker, Stanley Rice, John Reed, Daniel H. Monson
Distribution and density of marine birds and mammals along the Kenai Fjords National Park coastline - March 2010 Distribution and density of marine birds and mammals along the Kenai Fjords National Park coastline - March 2010
From March 21, 2010 to March 24, 2010, a winter marine bird and mammal skiff-based survey along the coast of Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) was completed. This was the second winter survey completed for KEFJ since 2008. The primary objectives of the SWAN winter surveys are to characterize the species composition, density and distribution of the overwintering marine ducks prior to...
Authors
Heather Coletti, George Esslinger, James Bodkin
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 20
Sea Otter Survey Data, Carcass Recovery Data, and Blood Chemistry Data from Southwest Alaska Sea Otter Survey Data, Carcass Recovery Data, and Blood Chemistry Data from Southwest Alaska
Three data sets are included here to aid in assessment of the sea otter population collapse in southwest Alaska. One data set consists of results of sea otter surveys conducted between 1959 and 2015 at Bering Island, Russia and a selection of western Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Sea otter counts are reduced to a comparable value of otters per linear kilometer. Another data set consists...
Morphometric and Reproductive Status Data for Sea Otters Collected or Captured in Alaska Morphometric and Reproductive Status Data for Sea Otters Collected or Captured in Alaska
This dataset includes morphometric measurements and pregnancy / dependency status from sea otters captured or collected (experimental harvests or recovered after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill) in Alaska, 1947-2019 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Data collected include total body length, tail length, body mass, axillary girth, paw width...
Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Southeast Alaska, 2002-2003 Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Southeast Alaska, 2002-2003
The data package "Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Southeast Alaska, 2002-2003" provides raw data for examining abundance and distribution of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Southeast Alaska, based on data collected during a series of population-wide aerial surveys. The USGS aerial sea otter surveys have been completed multiple times using consistent methodology...
Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2008-2018 Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2008-2018
These data are part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long term monitoring program, nearshore monitoring component. Specifically, these data describe sea otter (Enhydra lutris) aerial survey observations from the waters around Katmai National Park and Preserve from surveys conducted in 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2018. Sea otters are a keystone predator, well known for structuring the nearshore...
Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999-2012 Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999-2012
The data package "Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data from Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, 1999-2012"; provides raw data for examining abundance and distribution of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in southeast Alaska, based on data collected during a series of population-wide aerial surveys. The USGS aerial sea otter surveys have...
Intertidal Soft-Sediment Bivalves from Prince William Sound, Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park Intertidal Soft-Sediment Bivalves from Prince William Sound, Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park
These data are part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long-term monitoring program and describe bivalve count and size sampling and observations conducted at intertidal soft-sediment sampling sites in the northern Gulf of Alaska. This dataset consists of five comma separated files (.csv): 1) bivalve taxonomy table, 2) bivalve sampling site table, 3) bivalve count table, 4) bivalve size...
Marine Bird and Mammal Survey Data from Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park Marine Bird and Mammal Survey Data from Kachemak Bay, Katmai National Park and Preserve, and Kenai Fjords National Park
These data are part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long term monitoring program, nearshore monitoring component. The dataset is a series of comma separated files exported from a survey software program (DLog, Ford Consulting, Portland, OR). The data consists of date, time, latitude, longitude, species abbreviation, count, and behavior. Each year the observers attempt to sample the same...
Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Kenai Fjords National Park, 2002-2016 Gulf Watch Alaska Nearshore Component: Sea Otter Aerial Survey Data Kenai Fjords National Park, 2002-2016
These data are is part of the Gulf Watch Alaska (GWA) long term monitoring program, nearshore monitoring component. Specifically, these data describe sea otter (Enhydra lutris) aerial survey observations from the waters around Kenai Fjords National Park between 2002 and 2016. Sea otters are a keystone predator, well known for structuring the nearshore marine ecosystem through their...
Filter Total Items: 36
Aerial surveys of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, May, 2017 Aerial surveys of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, May, 2017
Portions of two stocks of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) occur in Lower Cook Inlet (LCI), Alaska. Sea otters on the west side of LCI are considered part of the southwest Alaska stock; sea otters occupying eastern LCI are considered part of the southcentral Alaska stock. Information concerning the distributions and abundance of sea otters in LCI is needed to track the status...
Authors
Joel Gerlach-Miller, George Esslinger, Ben Weitzman
Monitoring dynamic spatio-temporal ecological processes optimally Monitoring dynamic spatio-temporal ecological processes optimally
Population dynamics vary in space and time. Survey designs that ignore these dynamics may be inefficient and fail to capture essential spatio‐temporal variability of a process. Alternatively, dynamic survey designs explicitly incorporate knowledge of ecological processes, the associated uncertainty in those processes, and can be optimized with respect to monitoring objectives. We...
Authors
Perry Williams, Mevin Hooten, Jamie Womble, George Esslinger, Michael Bower
Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez oil spill Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez oil spill
Research and monitoring activities over the 28 years since the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground and spilled oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska have led to an improved understanding of how wildlife populations were damaged, as well as the mechanisms and timelines of recovery. A key finding was that for some species, such as harlequin ducks and sea otters, chronic oil spill effects...
Authors
Daniel Esler, Brenda Ballachey, Craig Matkin, Daniel Cushing, Robert Kaler, James Bodkin, Daniel Monson, George Esslinger, Kimberly Kloecker
An integrated data model to estimate spatiotemporal occupancy, abundance, and colonization dynamics An integrated data model to estimate spatiotemporal occupancy, abundance, and colonization dynamics
Ecological invasions and colonizations occur dynamically through space and time. Estimating the distribution and abundance of colonizing species is critical for efficient management or conservation. We describe a statistical framework for simultaneously estimating spatiotemporal occupancy and abundance dynamics of a colonizing species. Our method accounts for several issues that are...
Authors
Perry Williams, Mevin Hooten, Jamie Womble, George Esslinger, Michael R. Bower, Trevor Hefley
Variability within nearshore ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska Variability within nearshore ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska
Nearshore marine habitats, which represent the interface among air, land and sea, form a critical component of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) ecosystem. As an interface, the nearshore facilitates transfer of water, nutrients and biota between terrestrial and oceanic systems, creating zones of high productivity. The nearshore provides a variety of ecosystem services, including (1) nursery...
Authors
Brenda Ballachey, James Bodkin, Heather Coletti, Thomas Dean, Daniel Esler, George Esslinger, Katrin Iken, Kimberly Kloecker, Brenda Konar, Mandy Lindeberg, Daniel Monson, Marnie Shepherd, Ben P. Weitzman
Monitoring population status of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: options and considerations Monitoring population status of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: options and considerations
After many decades of absence from southeast Alaska, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are recolonizing parts of their former range, including Glacier Bay, Alaska. Sea otters are well known for structuring nearshore ecosystems and causing community-level changes such as increases in kelp abundance and changes in the size and number of other consumers. Monitoring population status of sea otters...
Authors
George Esslinger, Daniel Esler, S. Howlin, L.A. Starcevich
Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
In March 1989, the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska and spilled an estimated 42 million liters of crude oil (Wolfe et al. 1994). This oil subsequently spread over more than 26,000 km2 of water surface in PWS and the Gulf of Alaska and landed on more than 1000 km of shoreline (Spies et al. 1996, Short et al. 2004; see Fig. 1 in Esler et al., this report)...
Authors
Daniel Esler, James Bodkin, Brenda Ballachey, Daniel Monson, Kimberly Kloecker, George Esslinger
Temporal patterns in the foraging behavior of sea otters in Alaska Temporal patterns in the foraging behavior of sea otters in Alaska
Activity time budgets in apex predators have been proposed as indicators of population status relative to resource limitation or carrying capacity. We used archival time-depth recorders implanted in 15 adult female and 4 male sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from the northernmost population of the species, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, to examine temporal patterns in their foraging...
Authors
George Esslinger, James Bodkin, André R. Breton, Jennifer Burns, Daniel H. Monson
2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska 2013 update on sea otter studies to assess recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska
On March 24, 1989, the tanker vessel Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling an estimated 42 million liters of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Oil spread in a southwesterly direction and was deposited on shores and waters in western Prince William Sound (WPWS). The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) was one of more than 20 nearshore species considered to have been injured by...
Authors
Brenda Ballachey, Daniel H. Monson, George Esslinger, Kimberly Kloecker, James Bodkin, Lizabeth Bowen, A. Miles
Synthesis of nearshore recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: sea otter liver pathology and survival in Western Prince William Sound, 2001 – 2008 Synthesis of nearshore recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: sea otter liver pathology and survival in Western Prince William Sound, 2001 – 2008
We examined livers and liver biopsies collected from captured sea otters in WPWS, 2001–2008, to determine whether indicators of liver health correlated with history of oil contamination from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Sea otters captured in oiled areas had a significantly higher proportion of livers with gross pathological change, based on visual inspection at the time of capture...
Authors
Brenda Ballachey, Daniel H. Monson, Kimberly Kloecker, George Esslinger, F.C. Mohr, T.P. Lipscomb, M.J. Murray, S. Howlin
Long-term effects of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Sea otter foraging in the intertidal as a pathway of exposure to lingering oil Long-term effects of the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill: Sea otter foraging in the intertidal as a pathway of exposure to lingering oil
The protracted recovery of some bird and mammal populations in western Prince William Sound (WPWS), Alaska, and the persistence of spilled 'Exxon Valdez' oil in intertidal sediments, suggests a pathway of exposure to consumers that occupy nearshore habitats. To evaluate the hypothesis that sea otter (Enhydra lutris) foraging allows access to lingering oil, we contrast spatial relations...
Authors
James Bodkin, Brenda Ballachey, Heather Coletti, George Esslinger, Kimberly Kloecker, Stanley Rice, John Reed, Daniel H. Monson
Distribution and density of marine birds and mammals along the Kenai Fjords National Park coastline - March 2010 Distribution and density of marine birds and mammals along the Kenai Fjords National Park coastline - March 2010
From March 21, 2010 to March 24, 2010, a winter marine bird and mammal skiff-based survey along the coast of Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ) was completed. This was the second winter survey completed for KEFJ since 2008. The primary objectives of the SWAN winter surveys are to characterize the species composition, density and distribution of the overwintering marine ducks prior to...
Authors
Heather Coletti, George Esslinger, James Bodkin