Jefferson C Chang, Ph.D.
Jefferson is a Geophysicist with the U.S. Geological Survey—Volcano Hazard Programs, at the Volcano Science Center's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
Education
- Ph.D. in Geophysics: University of Oklahoma (2017)
- M.S. in Geology: University of Texas at El Paso (2008)
- B.S. in Geology: Northern Arizona University (2005)
- A.A. in Liberal Arts: University of Hawaii—Leeward Community College (2001)
Appointments
- Geophysicist: USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (2018-present)
- Geophysical Operations Manager: Oklahoma Geological Survey (2016-2018)
- State Seismologist (Interim): Oklahoma Geological Survey (2015-2016)
- Research Associate: Oklahoma Geological Survey (2014-2015)
- Field Technician: University of Oklahoma (2008-2012)
- GIS Analyst: UTEP Regional Geospatial Service Center (2007)
- Digital Cartographer: Northern Arizona University (2005)
- Seismic Technician/Analyst: Arizona Earthquake Information Center (2005)
Science and Products
The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kilauea Volcano The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kilauea Volcano
In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 km. A 4 May earthquake (M6.9) produced ~5 m of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 m3/s...
Authors
Christina A. Neal, Steven Brantley, Loren Antolik, Janet Babb, Matthew K. Burgess, Michael Cappos, Jefferson Chang, Sarah Conway, Liliana G. Desmither, Peter Dotray, Tamar Elias, Pauline Fukunaga, Steven Fuke, Ingrid A. Johanson, Kevan Kamibayashi, James P. Kauahikaua, R. Lopaka Lee, S. Pekalib, Asta Miklius, Brian Shiro, Don Swanson, Patricia A. Nadeau, Michael H. Zoeller, P. Okubo, Carolyn Parcheta, Matthew R. Patrick, William Tollett, Frank A. Trusdell, Edward F. Younger, Emily K. Montgomery-Brown, Kyle R. Anderson, Michael P. Poland, Jessica L. Ball, Joseph A. Bard, Michelle L. Coombs, Hannah R. Dietterich, Christoph Kern, Weston Thelen, Peter Cervelli, Tim R. Orr, Bruce F. Houghton, Cheryl Gansecki, Richard Hazlett, Paul Lundgren, Angela K. Diefenbach, Allan Lerner, Greg Waite, Peter J. Kelly, Laura E. Clor, Cynthia Werner, Katherine Mulliken, Gary B. Fisher, David Damby
Evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults Evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults
We investigate the evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults composed of solid rock blocks. This evolution is analyzed through shear experiments along five rock types, and the experiments were conducted in a rotary apparatus at slip velocities of 0.002–0.97 m/s, slip distances from a few millimeters to tens of meters, and normal stress of 0.25–6.9 MPa. The wear and...
Authors
Yeval Boneh, Jefferson C. Chang, David A. Lockner, Zeev Reches
Rapid acceleration leads to rapid weakening in earthquake-like laboratory experiments Rapid acceleration leads to rapid weakening in earthquake-like laboratory experiments
After nucleation, a large earthquake propagates as an expanding rupture front along a fault. This front activates countless fault patches that slip by consuming energy stored in Earth’s crust. We simulated the slip of a fault patch by rapidly loading an experimental fault with energy stored in a spinning flywheel. The spontaneous evolution of strength, acceleration, and velocity...
Authors
Jefferson C. Chang, David A. Lockner, Z. Reches
Non-USGS Publications**
Walter, J.I., Ogwari, P., Thiel, A., Ferrer, F., Woelfel, I., Chang, J.C., Darold, A.P., and Holland, A.A., 2020, The Oklahoma Geological Survey Statewide Seismic Network: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, p. 611-621, doi: 10.1785/0220190211.
Kolawole, F., Johnston, C.S., Morgan, C.B., Chang, J.C., Marfurt, K.J., Lockner, D.A., Reches, Z., and Carpenter, B.M., 2019, The Susceptibility of Oklahoma’s Basement to Seismic Reactivation: Nature Geoscience, v. 12, p. 839-844, doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0440-5.
Chen, X., Haffener, J., Goebel, T., Meng, X., Peng, Z., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Temporal Correlation Between Seismic Moment and Injection Volume for an Induced Earthquake Sequence in Central Oklahoma: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 123, p. 3047-3064, doi: 10.1002/2017jb014694.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Sylvan Shale in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 05-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 2 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Viola Limestone in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 04-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 4 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Simpson Group in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 4 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 3 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation Map of the Top of the Crystalline Basement in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-2018, 1 plate with supplement, 3 p. text.
Pritchett, B.N., Chang, J.C., Chang, J.M., Suneson, N.H., and Walter, J.I., 2017, Preliminary Soil Amplification Map of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Geologic Map Series GM-41, scale 1:500,000.
Chen, X., Nakata, N., Pennington, C., Haffener, J., Chang, J.C., He, X., Zhan, Z., Ni, S., and Walter, J.I., 2017, The Pawnee Earthquake as a Result of Interplay Among Injection, Faults and Foreshocks: Scientific Reports, v. 7, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04992-z.
Walter, J.I., Chang, J.C., and Dotray, P.J., 2017, Foreshock Seismicity Suggests Gradual Stress Increase in the Months Prior to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee Earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, p. 1032-1039, doi: 10.1785/0220170007.
Fielding, E.J., Sangha, S.S., Bekaert, D.P.S., Samsonov, S.V., and Chang, J.C., 2017, Surface Deformation of North-Central Oklahoma Before, During, and After the 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee Earthquake from SAR Interferometry Time Series: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, p. 971-982, doi: 10.1785/0220170010.
Liao, Z., Chang, J.C., and Reches, Z., 2014, Fault Strength Evolution During High Velocity Friction Experiments with Slip-Pulse and Constant-Velocity Loading: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 406, p. 93-101, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.010.
Boneh, Y., Chang, J.C., Lockner, D.A., and Reches, Z., 2014, Evolution of Wear and Friction Along Experimental Faults: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 171, p. 3125-3141, doi: 10.1007/s00024-014-0801-3.
Chang, J.C., Lockner, D.A., and Reches, Z., 2012, Rapid Acceleration Leads to Rapid Weakening in Earthquake-Like Laboratory Experiments: Science, v. 338, p. 101-105, doi: 10.1126/science.1221195.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kilauea Volcano The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kilauea Volcano
In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 km. A 4 May earthquake (M6.9) produced ~5 m of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 m3/s...
Authors
Christina A. Neal, Steven Brantley, Loren Antolik, Janet Babb, Matthew K. Burgess, Michael Cappos, Jefferson Chang, Sarah Conway, Liliana G. Desmither, Peter Dotray, Tamar Elias, Pauline Fukunaga, Steven Fuke, Ingrid A. Johanson, Kevan Kamibayashi, James P. Kauahikaua, R. Lopaka Lee, S. Pekalib, Asta Miklius, Brian Shiro, Don Swanson, Patricia A. Nadeau, Michael H. Zoeller, P. Okubo, Carolyn Parcheta, Matthew R. Patrick, William Tollett, Frank A. Trusdell, Edward F. Younger, Emily K. Montgomery-Brown, Kyle R. Anderson, Michael P. Poland, Jessica L. Ball, Joseph A. Bard, Michelle L. Coombs, Hannah R. Dietterich, Christoph Kern, Weston Thelen, Peter Cervelli, Tim R. Orr, Bruce F. Houghton, Cheryl Gansecki, Richard Hazlett, Paul Lundgren, Angela K. Diefenbach, Allan Lerner, Greg Waite, Peter J. Kelly, Laura E. Clor, Cynthia Werner, Katherine Mulliken, Gary B. Fisher, David Damby
Evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults Evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults
We investigate the evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults composed of solid rock blocks. This evolution is analyzed through shear experiments along five rock types, and the experiments were conducted in a rotary apparatus at slip velocities of 0.002–0.97 m/s, slip distances from a few millimeters to tens of meters, and normal stress of 0.25–6.9 MPa. The wear and...
Authors
Yeval Boneh, Jefferson C. Chang, David A. Lockner, Zeev Reches
Rapid acceleration leads to rapid weakening in earthquake-like laboratory experiments Rapid acceleration leads to rapid weakening in earthquake-like laboratory experiments
After nucleation, a large earthquake propagates as an expanding rupture front along a fault. This front activates countless fault patches that slip by consuming energy stored in Earth’s crust. We simulated the slip of a fault patch by rapidly loading an experimental fault with energy stored in a spinning flywheel. The spontaneous evolution of strength, acceleration, and velocity...
Authors
Jefferson C. Chang, David A. Lockner, Z. Reches
Non-USGS Publications**
Walter, J.I., Ogwari, P., Thiel, A., Ferrer, F., Woelfel, I., Chang, J.C., Darold, A.P., and Holland, A.A., 2020, The Oklahoma Geological Survey Statewide Seismic Network: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, p. 611-621, doi: 10.1785/0220190211.
Kolawole, F., Johnston, C.S., Morgan, C.B., Chang, J.C., Marfurt, K.J., Lockner, D.A., Reches, Z., and Carpenter, B.M., 2019, The Susceptibility of Oklahoma’s Basement to Seismic Reactivation: Nature Geoscience, v. 12, p. 839-844, doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0440-5.
Chen, X., Haffener, J., Goebel, T., Meng, X., Peng, Z., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Temporal Correlation Between Seismic Moment and Injection Volume for an Induced Earthquake Sequence in Central Oklahoma: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 123, p. 3047-3064, doi: 10.1002/2017jb014694.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Sylvan Shale in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 05-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 2 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Viola Limestone in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 04-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 4 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Simpson Group in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 4 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation and Thickness of the Ordovician Arbuckle Group in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-2018, 3 plates with supplement, 3 p. text.
Crain, K.D., and Chang, J.C., 2018, Elevation Map of the Top of the Crystalline Basement in Oklahoma and Surrounding States: Oklahoma Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-2018, 1 plate with supplement, 3 p. text.
Pritchett, B.N., Chang, J.C., Chang, J.M., Suneson, N.H., and Walter, J.I., 2017, Preliminary Soil Amplification Map of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Geologic Map Series GM-41, scale 1:500,000.
Chen, X., Nakata, N., Pennington, C., Haffener, J., Chang, J.C., He, X., Zhan, Z., Ni, S., and Walter, J.I., 2017, The Pawnee Earthquake as a Result of Interplay Among Injection, Faults and Foreshocks: Scientific Reports, v. 7, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04992-z.
Walter, J.I., Chang, J.C., and Dotray, P.J., 2017, Foreshock Seismicity Suggests Gradual Stress Increase in the Months Prior to the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee Earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, p. 1032-1039, doi: 10.1785/0220170007.
Fielding, E.J., Sangha, S.S., Bekaert, D.P.S., Samsonov, S.V., and Chang, J.C., 2017, Surface Deformation of North-Central Oklahoma Before, During, and After the 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee Earthquake from SAR Interferometry Time Series: Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, p. 971-982, doi: 10.1785/0220170010.
Liao, Z., Chang, J.C., and Reches, Z., 2014, Fault Strength Evolution During High Velocity Friction Experiments with Slip-Pulse and Constant-Velocity Loading: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 406, p. 93-101, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.010.
Boneh, Y., Chang, J.C., Lockner, D.A., and Reches, Z., 2014, Evolution of Wear and Friction Along Experimental Faults: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 171, p. 3125-3141, doi: 10.1007/s00024-014-0801-3.
Chang, J.C., Lockner, D.A., and Reches, Z., 2012, Rapid Acceleration Leads to Rapid Weakening in Earthquake-Like Laboratory Experiments: Science, v. 338, p. 101-105, doi: 10.1126/science.1221195.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.