John Piatt, Ph.D. (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology
Alaska's coastal and offshore waters provide foraging habitat for an estimated 100 million birds comprising more than 90 different species; from loons and seaducks that nest inland, to petrels and puffins that breed on islands off shore. All these birds depend on the sea to provide a wide variety of food types— from clams, crabs and urchins nearshore— to krill, forage fish, and squid offshore. The...
Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds
Elevated ocean temperatures are linked to the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Toxins from these blooms may pose health threats to marine organisms, including seabirds. Since 2015, the USGS has worked with a variety of stakeholders to develop testing methods and research projects to better understand the geographic extent, timing and impacts of algal toxins in Alaska marine ecosystems...
North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database
The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) contains survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The NPPSD includes more than 486,000 transect segments and includes observations of over 20 million birds of 258 species collected over the span of 50 years (from 1973 to 2022).
Tracking Data for Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris)
Available here are tracking data for the Kittlitz’s murrelet, a rare seabird species that nests solitarily on the ground in barren, often alpine areas near the North Pacific and Bering Sea.
Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Forage fish are small pelagic schooling fish that play a key role in transferring energy between plankton and top marine predators. Many seabirds, marine mammals, and commercial fish species depend on forage fish to grow and survive.
Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems
Where glaciers meet the sea in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), they create unique and productive marine habitats. Ringed by the continent’s tallest coastal mountains, 20% of the GOA coastal watershed is covered by glacial ice and the annual freshwater discharge into the GOA from glacial melt is comparable to that of the Mississippi river.
Alaska Forage Fish Database
The Alaska Forage Fish Database is a consolidation of survey catch data and predator diets from multiple partners including USGS Alaska Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center, USFWS Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and others. The spatial coverage of the database encompasses the coastal and offshore...
Seabird Die-offs in Alaska
Beginning in 2015, large numbers of dead seabirds have been appearing on beaches in most marine areas of Alaska. Although seabird die-offs are known to occur sporadically (e.g. 1970, 1989, 1993, 1997/1998, and 2004) in Alaska, these recent die-offs have been distinguished from past events by their increased frequency, duration, geographic extent, and number of different species involved.
Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study
A massive die-off of Common Murres was documented in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during the fall and winter of 2015-2016 in association with a record-breaking marine heat wave in the GOA.
Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)
Data on the distribution and abundance of seabirds at sea have been used for many decades to assist in understanding the marine ecology of seabirds away from their breeding colonies, measure population status and trends, assess the impact of human activities on ocean habitats and fish stocks, and to identify critical marine habitats for seabirds.
Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave
Changes in the body condition of a key forage fish species, Pacific sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus), are examined to understand how energy transfer to predators may have been disrupted during the recent marine heatwave in the North Pacific (late 2013 to mid 2016).
NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps
Maps showing the sampling extent in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD).
Filter Total Items: 19
No Result Found
Filter Total Items: 200
Seabird, fisheries, marine mammal, and oceanographic investigations around Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak Islands, August 1996 (SMMOCI 96-3) Seabird, fisheries, marine mammal, and oceanographic investigations around Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak Islands, August 1996 (SMMOCI 96-3)
Although islands in the Aleutians are known to support some of the highest densities of seabirds in the world, their remoteness has limited systematic research on the at-sea distribution of seabirds near these colonies. Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak islands, in the central Aleutian Islands, together comprise one of nine ecological sites monitored once every 5 years on an annual rotation...
Authors
Gary S. Drew, John F. Piatt, G. Vernon Byrd, Donald E. Dragoo
Benefits and costs of increased levels of corticosterone in seabird chicks Benefits and costs of increased levels of corticosterone in seabird chicks
Seabird chicks respond to food shortages by increasing corticosterone (cort) secretion, which is probably associated with fitness benefits and costs. To examine this, we experimentally increased levels of circulating cort in captive black-legged kittiwake chicks fed ad libitum. We found that cort-implanted chicks begged more frequently and were more aggressive compared to controls. These
Authors
A.S. Kitaysky, E.V. Kitaiskaia, John F. Piatt, J.C. Wingfield
Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño
Both within and among seabird species, different aspects of breeding biology may respond to changes in prey availability in distinct ways, and the identification of species-specific breeding parameters that are sensitive to food availability is useful for monitoring purposes. We present data from a 5-year study (19951999) of the breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata...
Authors
A.M.A. Harding, John F. Piatt, Keith C. Hamer
Advection, pelagic food webs and the biogeography of seabirds in Beringia Advection, pelagic food webs and the biogeography of seabirds in Beringia
Despite its great distance from productive shelf-edge habitat, the inner shelf area of the Bering Sea, from St. Lawrence Island to the Bering Strait, supports a surprisingly large number (>5 million) of seabirds during summer, mostly small plantivorous auklets (65%) and large piscivorous murres (19%) and kittiwakes (5%). This paradox of seabird biogeography is explained by the Anadyr...
Authors
John F. Piatt, Alan M. Springer
Variation in plumage, molt, and morphology of the Whiskered Auklet (Aethia pygmaea) in Alaska Variation in plumage, molt, and morphology of the Whiskered Auklet (Aethia pygmaea) in Alaska
We studied molt and size variation in Whiskered Auklets collected at sea in August from the Aleutian Islands in 1992 and 1993. We evaluated size differences from external and skeletal measurements. Adults were molting extensively in August, indicating that molt began in July. Primaries 1-5 had been completely replaced, while primaries 6-8 were in various stages of replacement, and...
Authors
Jay Pitocchelli, John F. Piatt, Harry R. Carter
Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea
We surveyed Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) daily from small boats in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August 1992 and 1993. Differences in numbers of juveniles and in the timing of their presence in the study area between the two years indicated that breeding phenology was late and productivity was low in 1992 compared to 1993. This difference was...
Authors
Suzann G. Speckman, John F. Piatt, Alan M. Springer
Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony
We tested an approach to the collection of seabird chick growth data that utilizes a one-time sampling of chick measurements obtained during a single visit to a seabird colony. We assessed the development of Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla chicks from a sample of measurements made on a single day during six years and compared these results to linear growth rates (g/day)...
Authors
J. Benson, R.M. Suryan, John F. Piatt
Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata)
No abstract available
Authors
John F. Piatt, Alexander S. Kitaysky
Horned Puffin (Fratercula corniculata) Horned Puffin (Fratercula corniculata)
No abstract available
Authors
John F. Piatt, Alexander S. Kitaysky
Response of seabirds to fluctuations in forage fish density Response of seabirds to fluctuations in forage fish density
Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS), one concern was that prevailing ecological conditions in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) would not favor recovery of damaged seabird populations. To address this issue, we examined relationships between oceanography, forage fish and seabirds near three seabird colonies in lower Cook Inlet (LCI) in 1995-1999 (some colony work continued until 2001)...
Growth and abundance of Pacific Sand Lance, Ammodytes hexapterus, under differing oceanographic regimes Growth and abundance of Pacific Sand Lance, Ammodytes hexapterus, under differing oceanographic regimes
Dramatic changes in seabird and marine mammal stocks in the Gulf of Alaska have been linked to shifts in abundance and composition of forage fish stocks over the past 20 years. The relative value (e.g., size and condition of individual fish, abundance) of specific forage fish stocks to predators under temporally changing oceanographic regimes is also expected to vary. We inferred...
Authors
Martin D. Robards, Floyd Gray, John F. Piatt
Reduction of provisioning effort in response to experimental manipulation of chick nutritional status in the Horned Puffin Reduction of provisioning effort in response to experimental manipulation of chick nutritional status in the Horned Puffin
Using a supplemental feeding experiment, we investigated the ability of adult Horned Puffins to decrease provisioning effort in response to reduced nutritional requirements of chicks. We found no difference between experimental and control groups in parental provisioning before supplementary feeding was initiated. After receiving supplemental food for seven days, experimental chicks grew...
Authors
A.M.A. Harding, Thomas I. van Pelt, John F. Piatt, A.S. Kitaysky
Science and Products
Seabirds and Forage Fish Ecology
Alaska's coastal and offshore waters provide foraging habitat for an estimated 100 million birds comprising more than 90 different species; from loons and seaducks that nest inland, to petrels and puffins that breed on islands off shore. All these birds depend on the sea to provide a wide variety of food types— from clams, crabs and urchins nearshore— to krill, forage fish, and squid offshore. The...
Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in Alaska Seabirds
Elevated ocean temperatures are linked to the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Toxins from these blooms may pose health threats to marine organisms, including seabirds. Since 2015, the USGS has worked with a variety of stakeholders to develop testing methods and research projects to better understand the geographic extent, timing and impacts of algal toxins in Alaska marine ecosystems...
North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database
The North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) contains survey transect data designed and conducted by numerous partners primarily to census seabirds at sea. The NPPSD includes more than 486,000 transect segments and includes observations of over 20 million birds of 258 species collected over the span of 50 years (from 1973 to 2022).
Tracking Data for Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris)
Available here are tracking data for the Kittlitz’s murrelet, a rare seabird species that nests solitarily on the ground in barren, often alpine areas near the North Pacific and Bering Sea.
Detecting Long-term Changes in Forage Fish Populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Forage fish are small pelagic schooling fish that play a key role in transferring energy between plankton and top marine predators. Many seabirds, marine mammals, and commercial fish species depend on forage fish to grow and survive.
Tidewater Glacier Influence on Marine Ecosystems
Where glaciers meet the sea in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), they create unique and productive marine habitats. Ringed by the continent’s tallest coastal mountains, 20% of the GOA coastal watershed is covered by glacial ice and the annual freshwater discharge into the GOA from glacial melt is comparable to that of the Mississippi river.
Alaska Forage Fish Database
The Alaska Forage Fish Database is a consolidation of survey catch data and predator diets from multiple partners including USGS Alaska Science Center, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center, USFWS Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and others. The spatial coverage of the database encompasses the coastal and offshore...
Seabird Die-offs in Alaska
Beginning in 2015, large numbers of dead seabirds have been appearing on beaches in most marine areas of Alaska. Although seabird die-offs are known to occur sporadically (e.g. 1970, 1989, 1993, 1997/1998, and 2004) in Alaska, these recent die-offs have been distinguished from past events by their increased frequency, duration, geographic extent, and number of different species involved.
Cook Inlet Seabird and Forage Fish Study
A massive die-off of Common Murres was documented in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) during the fall and winter of 2015-2016 in association with a record-breaking marine heat wave in the GOA.
Use and History of the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD)
Data on the distribution and abundance of seabirds at sea have been used for many decades to assist in understanding the marine ecology of seabirds away from their breeding colonies, measure population status and trends, assess the impact of human activities on ocean habitats and fish stocks, and to identify critical marine habitats for seabirds.
Condition of Forage Fish in Prince William Sound During the Marine Heatwave
Changes in the body condition of a key forage fish species, Pacific sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus), are examined to understand how energy transfer to predators may have been disrupted during the recent marine heatwave in the North Pacific (late 2013 to mid 2016).
NPPSD Sampling Effort Maps
Maps showing the sampling extent in the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD).
Filter Total Items: 19
No Result Found
Filter Total Items: 200
Seabird, fisheries, marine mammal, and oceanographic investigations around Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak Islands, August 1996 (SMMOCI 96-3) Seabird, fisheries, marine mammal, and oceanographic investigations around Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak Islands, August 1996 (SMMOCI 96-3)
Although islands in the Aleutians are known to support some of the highest densities of seabirds in the world, their remoteness has limited systematic research on the at-sea distribution of seabirds near these colonies. Kasatochi, Koniuji, and Ulak islands, in the central Aleutian Islands, together comprise one of nine ecological sites monitored once every 5 years on an annual rotation...
Authors
Gary S. Drew, John F. Piatt, G. Vernon Byrd, Donald E. Dragoo
Benefits and costs of increased levels of corticosterone in seabird chicks Benefits and costs of increased levels of corticosterone in seabird chicks
Seabird chicks respond to food shortages by increasing corticosterone (cort) secretion, which is probably associated with fitness benefits and costs. To examine this, we experimentally increased levels of circulating cort in captive black-legged kittiwake chicks fed ad libitum. We found that cort-implanted chicks begged more frequently and were more aggressive compared to controls. These
Authors
A.S. Kitaysky, E.V. Kitaiskaia, John F. Piatt, J.C. Wingfield
Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Niño
Both within and among seabird species, different aspects of breeding biology may respond to changes in prey availability in distinct ways, and the identification of species-specific breeding parameters that are sensitive to food availability is useful for monitoring purposes. We present data from a 5-year study (19951999) of the breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata...
Authors
A.M.A. Harding, John F. Piatt, Keith C. Hamer
Advection, pelagic food webs and the biogeography of seabirds in Beringia Advection, pelagic food webs and the biogeography of seabirds in Beringia
Despite its great distance from productive shelf-edge habitat, the inner shelf area of the Bering Sea, from St. Lawrence Island to the Bering Strait, supports a surprisingly large number (>5 million) of seabirds during summer, mostly small plantivorous auklets (65%) and large piscivorous murres (19%) and kittiwakes (5%). This paradox of seabird biogeography is explained by the Anadyr...
Authors
John F. Piatt, Alan M. Springer
Variation in plumage, molt, and morphology of the Whiskered Auklet (Aethia pygmaea) in Alaska Variation in plumage, molt, and morphology of the Whiskered Auklet (Aethia pygmaea) in Alaska
We studied molt and size variation in Whiskered Auklets collected at sea in August from the Aleutian Islands in 1992 and 1993. We evaluated size differences from external and skeletal measurements. Adults were molting extensively in August, indicating that molt began in July. Primaries 1-5 had been completely replaced, while primaries 6-8 were in various stages of replacement, and...
Authors
Jay Pitocchelli, John F. Piatt, Harry R. Carter
Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea
We surveyed Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) daily from small boats in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August 1992 and 1993. Differences in numbers of juveniles and in the timing of their presence in the study area between the two years indicated that breeding phenology was late and productivity was low in 1992 compared to 1993. This difference was...
Authors
Suzann G. Speckman, John F. Piatt, Alan M. Springer
Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony
We tested an approach to the collection of seabird chick growth data that utilizes a one-time sampling of chick measurements obtained during a single visit to a seabird colony. We assessed the development of Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla chicks from a sample of measurements made on a single day during six years and compared these results to linear growth rates (g/day)...
Authors
J. Benson, R.M. Suryan, John F. Piatt
Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata)
No abstract available
Authors
John F. Piatt, Alexander S. Kitaysky
Horned Puffin (Fratercula corniculata) Horned Puffin (Fratercula corniculata)
No abstract available
Authors
John F. Piatt, Alexander S. Kitaysky
Response of seabirds to fluctuations in forage fish density Response of seabirds to fluctuations in forage fish density
Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS), one concern was that prevailing ecological conditions in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) would not favor recovery of damaged seabird populations. To address this issue, we examined relationships between oceanography, forage fish and seabirds near three seabird colonies in lower Cook Inlet (LCI) in 1995-1999 (some colony work continued until 2001)...
Growth and abundance of Pacific Sand Lance, Ammodytes hexapterus, under differing oceanographic regimes Growth and abundance of Pacific Sand Lance, Ammodytes hexapterus, under differing oceanographic regimes
Dramatic changes in seabird and marine mammal stocks in the Gulf of Alaska have been linked to shifts in abundance and composition of forage fish stocks over the past 20 years. The relative value (e.g., size and condition of individual fish, abundance) of specific forage fish stocks to predators under temporally changing oceanographic regimes is also expected to vary. We inferred...
Authors
Martin D. Robards, Floyd Gray, John F. Piatt
Reduction of provisioning effort in response to experimental manipulation of chick nutritional status in the Horned Puffin Reduction of provisioning effort in response to experimental manipulation of chick nutritional status in the Horned Puffin
Using a supplemental feeding experiment, we investigated the ability of adult Horned Puffins to decrease provisioning effort in response to reduced nutritional requirements of chicks. We found no difference between experimental and control groups in parental provisioning before supplementary feeding was initiated. After receiving supplemental food for seven days, experimental chicks grew...
Authors
A.M.A. Harding, Thomas I. van Pelt, John F. Piatt, A.S. Kitaysky
*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government