How do the hydrologic, geomorphic, chemical, and biological characteristics of stream ecosystems respond to land-use changes associated with urbanization, and how do these responses vary across environmental settings?
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
-
Determine the hydrological, geomorphic, chemical, habitat, and biological characteristics that respond to land-use changes associated with urbanization in specific environmental settings.
-
Determine the most important landscape features influencing hydrological, chemical, geomorphic, habitat, and ecological responses to urbanization.
-
Compare the hydrological, geomorphic, chemical, habitat, and biological responses to urbanization among a range of environmental settings.
-
Determine the physical and chemical factors associated with biological responses and compare these physical and chemical factors across environmental settings.
-
Develop empirical models to relate physical, chemical, and biological responses to landscape features associated with urbanization.
An investigation of the urban crescent from Raleigh to Winston-Salem N.C. is underway to study the relation between varying levels of urban intensity in drainage basins and in-stream water quality, measured by physical, chemical, and biological factors. Water quality has been sampled in 30 drainage basins that have similar natural (e.g., climate, elevation, soils) characteristics and represent a gradient of urban intensity.
The urban intensity of each basin is measured using an index that integrates information about the multiple dimensions of human influence on the urban landscape at the drainage basin scale. The index includes information about land cover, infrastructure, population, and socioeconomic characteristics. Some of the variables used in the index may also be important factors for explaining variations in water quality.
The gradient design used in the NAWQA Program to investigate the effects of urbanization is premised on two perspectives about water-quality.
First, instream water-quality is a composite of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that are influenced by natural factors and by the human activities. Biological communities reflect the integration of these influences.
Second, landscape and stream characteristics reflect both the physical context of a basin and human influences. The character of the urban residential landscape, for example, can vary dramatically as socioeconomic factors - income, age of housing stock, levels of education - change among neighborhoods.
Investigation of the effects of urbanization on water quality must control for the effects of natural factors, while allowing the degree of urbanization to vary between study basins. By narrowing the focus the study to a single ecoregion, the North Carolina Piedmont, the investigation used a regional framework that enforces a measure of control over variability in natural factors that influence water-quality.
The data collected at streams in the study included nutrients, pesticides, and ions in stream water, geomorphic and habitat characteristics, hydrologic stage, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, benthic algae and invertebrate communities, and fish communities.
Watershed Site Information
Map No. | Water Quality Data | Site No. | Site Name | Location | Latitude | Longitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | statistics | 0211583580 | Bowen Branch near mouth at Winston-Salem, NC | Bowen Branch Tributary near Bowen Road | 36°07'05" | 80°12'46" |
2 | statistics | 02099480 | Richland Creek near Archdale, NC | Richland Creek at Kersy Valley Road SR 1154 | 35°56'28" | 79°55'56" |
3 | statistics | 02099238 | Bull Run at NC 29/70 near Jamestown, NC | Bull Run on High Point Road or Vickery Chapel Road | 35°59'53" | 79°55'36" |
4 | statistics | 0209517912 | North Buffalo Creek at Greensboro, NC | Unnamed Tributary at Green Valley Parkway | 36°05'21" | 79°49'44" |
5 | statistics | 02100294 | Hasketts Creek below SR 2149 near Central Falls, NC | Hasketts Creek at SR 2128 Wow Road | 35°46'04" | 79°46'44" |
6 | statistics | 02100634 | Vestal Creek near Asheboro, NC | Vestal Creek at Pine Hill Road SR 2824 Asheboro | 35°39'33" | 79°46'37" |
7 | statistics | 0209665940 | Rock Creek Tributary at Stoney Creek Golf Course near Sedalia, NC | Unnamed Tributary to Rock Creek | 36°03'54" | 79°35'58" |
8 | statistics | 0209665990 | Rock Creek above Rock Creek Tributary near Whitsett, NC | Rock Creek at Hwy 70 near Gibsonville | 36°03'57" | 79°35'58" |
9 | statistics | 0209647280 | Service Creek above Dry Creek at Burlington, NC | Service Creek upstream from confluence with Dry Creek | 36°06'34" | 79°24'09" |
10 | statistics | 0209647295 | Dry Creek above Service Creek at Burlington, NC | Dry Creek upstream from confluence with Service Creek | 36°06'32" | 79°24'12" |
11 | statistics | 0209651815 | Branch Creek below NC 54 near Graham, NC | Unnamed Tributary to Haw at Hwy 54 Burlinton | 36°03'30" | 79°22'42" |
12 | statistics | 0209679804 | Little Alamance Creek at SR 2309 near Graham, NC | Little Alamance Creek S. Graham Municipal Park | 36°02'10" | 79°24'37" |
13 | statistics | 02085430 | Deep Creek near Moriah, NC | Deep Creek at SR 1734 | 36°14'25" | 78°53'20" |
14 | statistics | 02081190 | Tar River near Berea, NC | Tar River at Hwy 158 | 36°20'03" | 78°46'03" |
15 | statistics | 02081510 | Foundry Branch at mouth near Oxford, NC | Fishing Creek at Knotts Grove Road | 36°16'41" | 78°35'22" |
16 | statistics | 0208501535 | Strouds Creek at St. Mary's Road near Hillsborough, NC | Tributary to Eno at St. Mary's Road (near Hillsborough) | 36°05'15" | 79°03'53" |
17 | statistics | 0208500600 | Cates Creek near Hillsborough, NC | Tributary to Eno Creek at Bus. 70, Hillsborough | 36°03'55" | 79°05'14" |
18 | statistics | 02097464 | Morgan Creek near White Cross, NC | Morgan Creek at Rt. 54 (west of Chapel Hill) | 35°55'25" | 79°06'56" |
19 | statistics | 02097355 | Bolin Creek above Franklin Street near Chapel Hill, NC | Bolin Creek at Franklin Street & Estes Drive | 35°55'38" | 79°02'18" |
20 | statistics | 0209750881 | Wilson Creek at mouth near Chapel Hill, NC | Wilson Creek at Culbreth Drive | 35°53'30" | 79°03'40" |
21 | statistics | 0209695780 | Brooks Creek at Eddie Perry Road near Bynum, NC | Brooks Creek at Eddie Perry Road | 35°46'34" | 79°10'04" |
22 | statistics | 0209697900 | Pokeberry Creek near Pittsboro, NC | Pokeberry Creek at Bynum Ridge Road | 35°46'28" | 79°07'13" |
23 | statistics | 0208726995 | Hare Snipe Creek Tributary at SR 1822 near Leesville, NC | Hare Snipe Creek Tributary at SR 1822 near Leesville | 35°52'30" | 78°41'44" |
24 | statistics | 0208725055 | Black Creek at Weston Parkway near Cary, NC | Black Creek at Weston Parkway, Cary | 35°49'48" | 78°47'10" |
25 | statistics | 0208726370 | Richlands Creek at Schenck Forest near Cary, NC | Richland Creek off Ebenezer Church Road | 35°50'02" | 78°43'12" |
26 | statistics | 02087304 | Beaverdam Creek at Glenwood Avenue at Raleigh, NC | Beaverdam Creek at Glenwood Road, Raleigh | 35°48'56" | 78°39'41" |
27 | statistics | 0208732610 | Pigeon House Branch at Crabtree Blvd at Raleigh, NC | Pigeon House Creek at Crabtree Blvd. | 35°48'25" | 78°36'50" |
28 | statistics | 02087580 | Swift Creek near Apex, NC | Swift Creek at Holly Springs Road | 35°43'07" | 78°45'09" |
29 | statistics | 0208758440 | Dutchmans Branch at SR 1386 near McCullers, NC | Duthchman's Branch at Graham Newton Road | 35°41'32" | 78°44'07" |
30 | statistics | 0208794555 | Camp Branch above SR 1390 near Holly Springs, NC | Camp Branch at Optimist Farm Road | 35°39'44" | 78°46'12" |
Biological Richness Information
Map No | Station ID | Watershed Name | Area (sq km) | Fish Taxa Richness | Algae Taxa Richness | Invert Taxa Richness | Invert EPTR | Invert avg Tolerance | ULUG Urban Index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distribution Map | Distribution Map | Distribution Map | Distribution Map | Distribution Map | |||||
1 | 0211583580 | Bowen Branch near mouth at Winston-Salem, NC | 5.0 | 3 | 53 | 30 | 2 | 6.5108 | 85.1 |
2 | 02099480 | Richland Creek near Archdale, NC | 32.7 | 10 | 67 | 53 | 9 | 5.9767 | 56.8 |
3 | 02099238 | Bull Run at NC 29/70 near Jamestown, NC | 17.9 | 11 | 80 | 58 | 10 | 6.1791 | 51.8 |
4 | 0209517912 | North Buffalo Creek at Greensboro, NC | 12.6 | 13 | 60 | 38 | 3 | 7.1798 | 85.6 |
5 | 02100294 | Hasketts Creek below Penwood Branch near Asheboro, NC | 30.4 | 8 | 64 | 54 | 6 | 7.0304 | 41.9 |
6 | 02100634 | Vestal Creek near Asheboro, NC | 16.5 | 13 | 59 | 61 | 10 | 6.2465 | 27.9 |
7 | 0209665940 | Rock Creek Tributary at Stoney Creek Golf Course near Sedalia, NC | 11.6 | 10 | 70 | 72 | 20 | 5.5022 | 12.2 |
8 | 0209665990 | Rock Creek above Rock Creek Tributary near Whitsett, NC | 26.0 | 11 | 76 | 68 | 14 | 5.4956 | 3.9 |
9 | 0209679804 | Little Alamance Creek at SR 2309 near Graham, NC | 37.3 | 16 | 78 | 47 | 4 | 6.5398 | 64.4 |
10 | 0209647280 | Service Creek above Dry Creek at Burlington, NC | 12.7 | 15 | 69 | 53 | 8 | 6.4113 | 49.3 |
11 | 0209647295 | Dry Creek above Service Creek at Burlington, NC | 6.5 | 15 | 66 | 46 | 4 | 6.9557 | 89.2 |
12 | 0209651815 | Branch Creek below NC 54 near Graham, NC | 4.9 | 8 | 62 | 49 | 3 | 6.7874 | 76.4 |
13 | 02085430 | Deep Creek near Moriah, NC | 82.5 | 19 | 55 | 53 | 18 | 5.0600 | 2.0 |
14 | 02081190 | Tar River near Berea, NC | 66.3 | 21 | 75 | 68 | 17 | 5.7681 | 0.0 |
15 | 0208151000 | Foundry Branch at mouth near Oxford, NC | 12.6 | 14 | 85 | 45 | 5 | 6.8783 | 38.9 |
16 | 0208501535 | Strouds Creek at St. Mary's Rd near Hillsborough, NC | 23.2 | 18 | 57 | 72 | 22 | 5.5144 | 7.2 |
17 | 0208500600 | Cates Creek near Hillsborough, NC | 10.9 | 15 | 62 | 57 | 15 | 5.6532 | 14.5 |
18 | 02097464 | Morgan Creek near White Cross, NC | 21.5 | 12 | 61 | 81 | 19 | 5.6708 | 4.9 |
19 | 02097355 | Bolin Creek above Franklin Street near Chapel Hill, NC | 29.8 | 21 | 70 | 39 | 7 | 5.9533 | 42.5 |
20 | 0209750881 | Wilson Creek at mouth near Chapel Hill, NC | 9.2 | 14 | 73 | 45 | 8 | 5.3905 | 24.1 |
21 | 0209697900 | Pokeberry Creek near Pittsboro, NC | 29.8 | 16 | 70 | 62 | 16 | 5.3828 | 4.4 |
22 | 0209695780 | Brooks Creek at Eddie Perry Road near Bynum, NC | 23.9 | 23 | 55 | 64 | 15 | 5.3480 | 2.1 |
23 | 0208726995 | Hare Snipe Creek Tributary at SR 1822 near Leesville, NC | 16.0 | 18 | 67 | 46 | 5 | 6.5456 | 73.6 |
24 | 0208725055 | Black Creek at Weston Parkway near Cary, NC | 9.0 | 13 | 49 | 61 | 8 | 6.7420 | 79.6 |
25 | 0208726370 | Richlands Creek at Schenck Forest near Cary, NC | 11.2 | 11 | 58 | 34 | 3 | 6.4614 | 33.2 |
26 | 02087304 | Southwest Prong Beaverdam Creek at Raleigh, NC | 8.0 | 9 | 57 | 40 | 2 | 6.6075 | 90.8 |
27 | 0208732610 | Pigeon House Creek at Crabtree Blvd at Raleigh, NC | 11.4 | 18 | 49 | 31 | 2 | 6.8802 | 100.0 |
28 | 02087580 | Swift Creek near Apex, NC | 54.3 | 15 | 43 | 57 | 8 | 6.7420 | 58.5 |
29 | 0208758440 | Dutchmans Branch at SR 1386 near McCullers Crossroads, NC | 11.7 | 15 | 64 | 51 | 8 | 5.9404 | 28.6 |
30 | 0208794025 | Camp Branch at SR 1390 near Holly Springs, NC | 5.5 | 16 | 86 | 51 | 10 | 5.8045 | 12.9 |
Below are publications associated with this project.
Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Processing, taxonomy, and quality control of benthic macroinvertebrate samples
Distribution of fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities in relation to physical and chemical conditions, Yakima River basin, Washington, 1990
Guidelines for the processing and quality assurance of benthic invertebrate samples collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Methods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Methods for sampling fish communities as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Methods for characterizing stream habitat as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
- Overview
How do the hydrologic, geomorphic, chemical, and biological characteristics of stream ecosystems respond to land-use changes associated with urbanization, and how do these responses vary across environmental settings?
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
-
Determine the hydrological, geomorphic, chemical, habitat, and biological characteristics that respond to land-use changes associated with urbanization in specific environmental settings.
-
Determine the most important landscape features influencing hydrological, chemical, geomorphic, habitat, and ecological responses to urbanization.
-
Compare the hydrological, geomorphic, chemical, habitat, and biological responses to urbanization among a range of environmental settings.
-
Determine the physical and chemical factors associated with biological responses and compare these physical and chemical factors across environmental settings.
-
Develop empirical models to relate physical, chemical, and biological responses to landscape features associated with urbanization.
An investigation of the urban crescent from Raleigh to Winston-Salem N.C. is underway to study the relation between varying levels of urban intensity in drainage basins and in-stream water quality, measured by physical, chemical, and biological factors. Water quality has been sampled in 30 drainage basins that have similar natural (e.g., climate, elevation, soils) characteristics and represent a gradient of urban intensity.
The urban intensity of each basin is measured using an index that integrates information about the multiple dimensions of human influence on the urban landscape at the drainage basin scale. The index includes information about land cover, infrastructure, population, and socioeconomic characteristics. Some of the variables used in the index may also be important factors for explaining variations in water quality.
The gradient design used in the NAWQA Program to investigate the effects of urbanization is premised on two perspectives about water-quality.
First, instream water-quality is a composite of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that are influenced by natural factors and by the human activities. Biological communities reflect the integration of these influences.
Second, landscape and stream characteristics reflect both the physical context of a basin and human influences. The character of the urban residential landscape, for example, can vary dramatically as socioeconomic factors - income, age of housing stock, levels of education - change among neighborhoods.
Investigation of the effects of urbanization on water quality must control for the effects of natural factors, while allowing the degree of urbanization to vary between study basins. By narrowing the focus the study to a single ecoregion, the North Carolina Piedmont, the investigation used a regional framework that enforces a measure of control over variability in natural factors that influence water-quality.
The data collected at streams in the study included nutrients, pesticides, and ions in stream water, geomorphic and habitat characteristics, hydrologic stage, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, benthic algae and invertebrate communities, and fish communities.
Urban Landuse Gradient Sampling Sites for the Albemarle-Pamlico National Water Quality Assessment Program Watershed Site Information
Map No. Water Quality Data Site No. Site Name Location Latitude Longitude 1 statistics 0211583580 Bowen Branch near mouth at Winston-Salem, NC Bowen Branch Tributary near Bowen Road 36°07'05" 80°12'46" 2 statistics 02099480 Richland Creek near Archdale, NC Richland Creek at Kersy Valley Road SR 1154 35°56'28" 79°55'56" 3 statistics 02099238 Bull Run at NC 29/70 near Jamestown, NC Bull Run on High Point Road or Vickery Chapel Road 35°59'53" 79°55'36" 4 statistics 0209517912 North Buffalo Creek at Greensboro, NC Unnamed Tributary at Green Valley Parkway 36°05'21" 79°49'44" 5 statistics 02100294 Hasketts Creek below SR 2149 near Central Falls, NC Hasketts Creek at SR 2128 Wow Road 35°46'04" 79°46'44" 6 statistics 02100634 Vestal Creek near Asheboro, NC Vestal Creek at Pine Hill Road SR 2824 Asheboro 35°39'33" 79°46'37" 7 statistics 0209665940 Rock Creek Tributary at Stoney Creek Golf Course near Sedalia, NC Unnamed Tributary to Rock Creek 36°03'54" 79°35'58" 8 statistics 0209665990 Rock Creek above Rock Creek Tributary near Whitsett, NC Rock Creek at Hwy 70 near Gibsonville 36°03'57" 79°35'58" 9 statistics 0209647280 Service Creek above Dry Creek at Burlington, NC Service Creek upstream from confluence with Dry Creek 36°06'34" 79°24'09" 10 statistics 0209647295 Dry Creek above Service Creek at Burlington, NC Dry Creek upstream from confluence with Service Creek 36°06'32" 79°24'12" 11 statistics 0209651815 Branch Creek below NC 54 near Graham, NC Unnamed Tributary to Haw at Hwy 54 Burlinton 36°03'30" 79°22'42" 12 statistics 0209679804 Little Alamance Creek at SR 2309 near Graham, NC Little Alamance Creek S. Graham Municipal Park 36°02'10" 79°24'37" 13 statistics 02085430 Deep Creek near Moriah, NC Deep Creek at SR 1734 36°14'25" 78°53'20" 14 statistics 02081190 Tar River near Berea, NC Tar River at Hwy 158 36°20'03" 78°46'03" 15 statistics 02081510 Foundry Branch at mouth near Oxford, NC Fishing Creek at Knotts Grove Road 36°16'41" 78°35'22" 16 statistics 0208501535 Strouds Creek at St. Mary's Road near Hillsborough, NC Tributary to Eno at St. Mary's Road (near Hillsborough) 36°05'15" 79°03'53" 17 statistics 0208500600 Cates Creek near Hillsborough, NC Tributary to Eno Creek at Bus. 70, Hillsborough 36°03'55" 79°05'14" 18 statistics 02097464 Morgan Creek near White Cross, NC Morgan Creek at Rt. 54 (west of Chapel Hill) 35°55'25" 79°06'56" 19 statistics 02097355 Bolin Creek above Franklin Street near Chapel Hill, NC Bolin Creek at Franklin Street & Estes Drive 35°55'38" 79°02'18" 20 statistics 0209750881 Wilson Creek at mouth near Chapel Hill, NC Wilson Creek at Culbreth Drive 35°53'30" 79°03'40" 21 statistics 0209695780 Brooks Creek at Eddie Perry Road near Bynum, NC Brooks Creek at Eddie Perry Road 35°46'34" 79°10'04" 22 statistics 0209697900 Pokeberry Creek near Pittsboro, NC Pokeberry Creek at Bynum Ridge Road 35°46'28" 79°07'13" 23 statistics 0208726995 Hare Snipe Creek Tributary at SR 1822 near Leesville, NC Hare Snipe Creek Tributary at SR 1822 near Leesville 35°52'30" 78°41'44" 24 statistics 0208725055 Black Creek at Weston Parkway near Cary, NC Black Creek at Weston Parkway, Cary 35°49'48" 78°47'10" 25 statistics 0208726370 Richlands Creek at Schenck Forest near Cary, NC Richland Creek off Ebenezer Church Road 35°50'02" 78°43'12" 26 statistics 02087304 Beaverdam Creek at Glenwood Avenue at Raleigh, NC Beaverdam Creek at Glenwood Road, Raleigh 35°48'56" 78°39'41" 27 statistics 0208732610 Pigeon House Branch at Crabtree Blvd at Raleigh, NC Pigeon House Creek at Crabtree Blvd. 35°48'25" 78°36'50" 28 statistics 02087580 Swift Creek near Apex, NC Swift Creek at Holly Springs Road 35°43'07" 78°45'09" 29 statistics 0208758440 Dutchmans Branch at SR 1386 near McCullers, NC Duthchman's Branch at Graham Newton Road 35°41'32" 78°44'07" 30 statistics 0208794555 Camp Branch above SR 1390 near Holly Springs, NC Camp Branch at Optimist Farm Road 35°39'44" 78°46'12" Biological Richness Information
Fish Species Richness, North Carolina 2005 Macroinvertebrate Richness, North Carolina 2005 Algae Species Richness, North Carolina 2005 Macroinvertebrate Richness EPT, North Carolina 2005 Macroinvertebrate Tolerance, North Carolina 2005 Map No Station ID Watershed Name Area (sq km) Fish Taxa Richness Algae Taxa Richness Invert Taxa Richness Invert EPTR Invert avg Tolerance ULUG Urban Index Distribution Map Distribution Map Distribution Map Distribution Map Distribution Map 1 0211583580 Bowen Branch near mouth at Winston-Salem, NC 5.0 3 53 30 2 6.5108 85.1 2 02099480 Richland Creek near Archdale, NC 32.7 10 67 53 9 5.9767 56.8 3 02099238 Bull Run at NC 29/70 near Jamestown, NC 17.9 11 80 58 10 6.1791 51.8 4 0209517912 North Buffalo Creek at Greensboro, NC 12.6 13 60 38 3 7.1798 85.6 5 02100294 Hasketts Creek below Penwood Branch near Asheboro, NC 30.4 8 64 54 6 7.0304 41.9 6 02100634 Vestal Creek near Asheboro, NC 16.5 13 59 61 10 6.2465 27.9 7 0209665940 Rock Creek Tributary at Stoney Creek Golf Course near Sedalia, NC 11.6 10 70 72 20 5.5022 12.2 8 0209665990 Rock Creek above Rock Creek Tributary near Whitsett, NC 26.0 11 76 68 14 5.4956 3.9 9 0209679804 Little Alamance Creek at SR 2309 near Graham, NC 37.3 16 78 47 4 6.5398 64.4 10 0209647280 Service Creek above Dry Creek at Burlington, NC 12.7 15 69 53 8 6.4113 49.3 11 0209647295 Dry Creek above Service Creek at Burlington, NC 6.5 15 66 46 4 6.9557 89.2 12 0209651815 Branch Creek below NC 54 near Graham, NC 4.9 8 62 49 3 6.7874 76.4 13 02085430 Deep Creek near Moriah, NC 82.5 19 55 53 18 5.0600 2.0 14 02081190 Tar River near Berea, NC 66.3 21 75 68 17 5.7681 0.0 15 0208151000 Foundry Branch at mouth near Oxford, NC 12.6 14 85 45 5 6.8783 38.9 16 0208501535 Strouds Creek at St. Mary's Rd near Hillsborough, NC 23.2 18 57 72 22 5.5144 7.2 17 0208500600 Cates Creek near Hillsborough, NC 10.9 15 62 57 15 5.6532 14.5 18 02097464 Morgan Creek near White Cross, NC 21.5 12 61 81 19 5.6708 4.9 19 02097355 Bolin Creek above Franklin Street near Chapel Hill, NC 29.8 21 70 39 7 5.9533 42.5 20 0209750881 Wilson Creek at mouth near Chapel Hill, NC 9.2 14 73 45 8 5.3905 24.1 21 0209697900 Pokeberry Creek near Pittsboro, NC 29.8 16 70 62 16 5.3828 4.4 22 0209695780 Brooks Creek at Eddie Perry Road near Bynum, NC 23.9 23 55 64 15 5.3480 2.1 23 0208726995 Hare Snipe Creek Tributary at SR 1822 near Leesville, NC 16.0 18 67 46 5 6.5456 73.6 24 0208725055 Black Creek at Weston Parkway near Cary, NC 9.0 13 49 61 8 6.7420 79.6 25 0208726370 Richlands Creek at Schenck Forest near Cary, NC 11.2 11 58 34 3 6.4614 33.2 26 02087304 Southwest Prong Beaverdam Creek at Raleigh, NC 8.0 9 57 40 2 6.6075 90.8 27 0208732610 Pigeon House Creek at Crabtree Blvd at Raleigh, NC 11.4 18 49 31 2 6.8802 100.0 28 02087580 Swift Creek near Apex, NC 54.3 15 43 57 8 6.7420 58.5 29 0208758440 Dutchmans Branch at SR 1386 near McCullers Crossroads, NC 11.7 15 64 51 8 5.9404 28.6 30 0208794025 Camp Branch at SR 1390 near Holly Springs, NC 5.5 16 86 51 10 5.8045 12.9 -
- Publications
Below are publications associated with this project.
Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Processing, taxonomy, and quality control of benthic macroinvertebrate samples
Qualitative and quantitative methods to process benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) samples have been developed and tested by the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water Quality Laboratory Biological Group. The qualitative processing method is based on visually sorting a sample for up to 2 hours. Sorting focuses on attaining organisms that are likely to result in taxonomic identifications toAuthorsStephen R. Moulton, James L. Carter, Scott A. Grotheer, Thomas F. Cuffney, Terry M. ShortDistribution of fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities in relation to physical and chemical conditions, Yakima River basin, Washington, 1990
Biological investigations were conducted in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, in conjunction with a pilot study for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Ecological surveys were conducted at 25 sites in 1990 to (1) assess water-quality conditions based on fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities; (2) determine the hydrologic, habitat, and chemical factoAuthorsT. F. Cuffney, M. R. Meador, S. D. Porter, M. E. GurtzGuidelines for the processing and quality assurance of benthic invertebrate samples collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Benthic invertebrate samples are collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. This is a perennial, multidisciplinary program that integrates biological, physical, and chemical indicators of water quality to evaluate status and trends and to develop an understanding of the factors controlling observed water quality. The Program examines water qualityAuthorsT. F. Cuffney, M. E. Gurtz, M. R. MeadorMethods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Benthic invertebrate communities are evaluated as part of the ecological survey component of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These biological data are collected along with physical and chemical data to assess water-quality conditions and to develop an understanding of the factors that affect water-quality conditions locally, regionally, and nationally. The oAuthorsThomas F. Cuffney, Martin E. Gurtz, Michael R. MeadorMethods for sampling fish communities as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Fish community structure is characterized in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program as part of an integrated physical, chemical, and biological assessment of the Nation's water quality. The objective of the National Water-Quality Assessment characterization of fish community structure is to relate fish community characteristics to physical, chemical, and other bioloAuthorsM. R. Meador, T. F. Cuffney, M. E. GurtzMethods for characterizing stream habitat as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Stream habitat is characterized in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program as part of an integrated physical, chemical, and biological assessment of the Nation's water quality. The goal of stream habitat characterization is to relate habitat to other physical, chemical, and biological factors to describe water-quality conditions. To accomplish this goal, environmentaAuthorsMichael R. Meador, Cliff R. Hupp, Thomas F. Cuffney, Martin E. GurtzMethods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Benthic algae (periphyton) and phytoplankton communities are characterized in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program as part of an integrated physical, chemical, and biological assessment of the Nation's water quality. This multidisciplinary approach provides multiple lines of evidence for evaluating water-quality status and trends, and for refining an understandingAuthorsStephen D. Porter, Thomas F. Cuffney, Martin E. Gurtz, Michael R. Meador