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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Office of International Programs team of Joel Groten (Upper Midwest Water Science Center), Molly Wood (Water Mission Area [WMA], on detail to OIP), and Brian McCallum (WMA) participated in a reconnaissance trip to Itaipu Binacional, Foz do Iguazu, Brazil and Paraguay, during March 25 – April 3, 2023.

Dam spillway surrounded by green trees on either side
Itaipu Binacional Dam spillway. The binational dam is located on the Parana River on the border of Brazil and Paraguay.

The Itaipu Binational hydropower company is the world’s largest generator of electricity by hydropower, located on the border of Brazil and Paraguay.

Formed by an international treaty between Paraguay and Brazil in 1973, its mission focuses on energy generation, while balancing the needs of the environment, tourism, and social responsibility. Itaipu performs its own environmental monitoring and data analyses, which led them to seek out collaboration with the USGS who is known world-wide as a leader in environmental monitoring techniques.

The USGS and Itaipu started working together in January 2020. The reconnaissance trip included meetings, presentations from USGS and Itaipu, and site visits to observe Itaipu’s operations in the following areas: discharge monitoring, water quality and sediment monitoring, bathymetric surveying, fish passage, dam safety monitoring, water quality and sediment laboratories, wildlife and vegetation conservation, and on-site research center partnerships.

Five USGS employees (Bruce Lindsey, Tyler King, Steve Low, Dana Kolpin, Paul Kinzel) and three U.S. Bureau of Reclamation employees (Jeff Morris, Angela Medina, and Paul Craig) delivered remote presentations during the week.

Twenty two people standing and smiling, a mix of USGS and Itaipu Binacional scientists
A mix of twenty two USGS and Itaipu Binacional staff from Paraguay and Brazil at a meeting.
Three people in hard hats and an orange reflective shirt stand on a rocky floor inside a dry dam
(L to R) USGS's Brian McCallum, Joel Groten, and Molly Wood inside Itaipu Binational dam and standing on the original Paraná River bottom on the border of Brazil and Paraguay.
View looking up at Itaipu Binacional hydroelectric dam and sign from below
View looking up at Itaipu Binacional hydroelectric dam and sign from below. The binational dam is located on the border of Brazil and Paraguay.
Person in hard hat looks through windows down into a dam control room.
Person in hard hat looks through windows down into the Itaipu Binacional hydroelectric dam control room. The binational dam is located on the border of Brazil and Paraguay on the Parana River.
Six people smiling and standing in front of laboratory building with sign stating "laboratorio de agua y sedimentos"
U.S. Geological Survey and Itaipu Binacional staff outside of a Itaipu Binational water quality laboratory. (L to R) USGS's Brian McCallum, Molly Wood, three Itaipu Binacional staff, and USGS's Joel Groten. The binational dam and water quality laboratory is located on the Parana River on the border of Brazil and Paraguay. Sign on building reads "laboratorio de agua y sedimentos division de embalse".
Two scientists stand on and on shore near Itaipu Binational boat used for bathymetric surveys.
Two scientists stand on and on shore near Itaipu Binacional boat used for bathymetric surveys.
Itaipu Binacional large letter sign in front of dam
Itaipu Binacional Dam sign in front of spillway. The binational dam is located on the Parana River between Brazil and Paraguay.
Looking down into Iguazu Falls waterfalls from above. Flat horizon and white fluffy clouds on top half of photo.
Iguazu Falls view from above, on the border of Brazil and Argentina. Green vegetation surrounds the waterfalls.
Rushing river, green vegetation and waterfalls in background
Iguazu Falls on the border of Brazil and Argentina. A rushing river in the foreground is bordered by green vegetation, with waterfalls in background.
Boardwalk leading towards Iguazu Falls
Boardwalk leading towards Iguazu Falls viewpoint. Iguazu Falls on the border of Brazil and Argentina. A river in the foreground is bordered by green vegetation, with waterfalls in background.

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