This dataset provides information on aquatic invertebrate composition from ponds (n = 16; surface area < 0.02 km2) and lakes (n =16, surface area > 0.10 km2) on the central Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. Ponds and lakes were selected for sampling as part of a larger study of Arctic water body food webs. Details on the study area and findings are published in Laske et al. 2018 and Laske et al. 2019. Tables include: 1) location and count data of invertebrate taxa collected from water bodies, and 2) invertebrate taxonomic information.