This dataset contains topographic, climatic and land cover attributes for headwaters (stream orders 1 and 2 ) as defined by the National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution (NHDHR) and downstream areas (stream orders 3 and up) for a subset of Conterminous United States (CONUS) HUC12s. Specifically, this dataset contains 2021 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) land cover for the following categories: water, developed, forest, shrubland/grassland, crops/hay; topographic metrics including: area, slope, elevation, stream density, stream length, stream slope and depth to bedrock; climatic metrics including aridity and snow persistence; and soil metrics including clay, silt and sand.