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Methods for using particle image velocimetry to estimate the phosphorus load transported in floating surface material into Green Lake, Wisconsin

August 21, 2026

This data release contains input data and a model archive for a study that used particle image velocimetry to estimate the phosphorus load transported by floating surface material into Green Lake, Wisconsin from May 19 to October 31 of 2023 and 2024. It contains all raw input data and data processing code to reproduce results in the associated primary publication. Inputs to the model include videos of moving surface material (Videos_202X.zip), a dataset of dry mass and corresponding surface cover (R_scripts/inputs/pct_cover_to_dry_mass.csv), and a dataset of phosphorus content of dried surface material (R_scripts/inputs/dry_mass_to_P_conc.csv). The methods include Python code to estimate velocity and cover from videos of surface material (GreenLakeSurfaceVelocity.zip) and R code to estimate phosphorus load from these inputs (R_scripts/prep_velocity_cover.R and R_scripts/P_load_estimates.R). Outputs (R_scripts/outputs) include velocity (GLvel_trimmed.csv) and cover (GLcover.csv) at 15-minute time step in 9 sections, daily summaries of velocity, cover, dry weight, and total phosphorus (data_plots_202X.csv), annual estimates of phosphorus load with confidence intervals (WY_results.csv), and estimates of the sources of variance of the annual estimates (var_pct.csv). Because the videos are large (50 GB) and processing all videos takes a long time, the model archive (GreenLakeSurfaceVelocity.zip) processes an example set (n = 13) of videos to demonstrate reproducibility.

Publication Year 2026
Title Methods for using particle image velocimetry to estimate the phosphorus load transported in floating surface material into Green Lake, Wisconsin
DOI 10.5066/P14HNR6L
Authors Matthew W Diebel, Paul C Reneau, Keegan E Johnson, Dale M Robertson
Product Type Data Release
Record Source USGS Asset Identifier Service (AIS)
USGS Organization Upper Midwest Water Science Center - Madison, WI, Office
Rights This work is marked with CC0 1.0 Universal
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