Whole-rock chemistry, U/Th ages, and magnetite electron microprobe analyses used to establish the eruptive chronology and characteristics of the fayalite-bearing domes at Mono Craters, California

The Mono Craters in eastern California extruded one of the largest concentrations of Holocene high-silica rhyolite (greater than 75 weight percent SiO2) in the world. Explosive, tephra-producing eruptions initiated by at least 42 ka, with the most recent eruption occurring around 700 years ago (Sieh and Bursik, 1986; Marcaida and others, 2019). This data release includes (1) bulk rock major and trace-element concentrations (XRF, ICPMS) for all 30 rhyolitic domes at Mono Craters, (2) Fe-Ti oxide mineral compositions (EPMA) from eight fayalite-bearing domes, (3) paired zircon and allanite 238U-230Th isochron ages for eight fayalite-bearing domes, and (4) U-Series data from surface analyses of more than 300 individual zircon and allanite grains (SHRIMP). These data are used in the publication of Chiaro et al. (2026) to elucidate the eruptive history, magnitude, and characteristics of the fayalite-bearing domes at Mono Craters to improve our understanding of volcanic hazards in Eastern California.