Degassing cones a day after the end of episode 13 at Halema‘uma‘u, Kīlauea

The north and south cones on the western edge of Halema‘uma‘u continued degassing on March 12, a day after the end of episode 13 of the ongoing eruption at Kīlauea's summit. Most of the gas consists of water vapor (the primary volcanic gas), with sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and other gases. Sulfur dioxide emissions are causing vog downwind of the summit area. When this photo was taken the morning of March 12, the emission rate was approximately 1,300 tons of SO₂ per day, similar to other periods between eruptive episodes in the ongoing eruption. During episode 13, parts of south cone (left) were rafted away, resulting in the brown broken surface in front of the cone. The red area surrounded by black lava in the bottom left of the photo is the remnants of the June 2023 eruption cone. USGS photo by N. Deligne.