Hepatitis B virus genome

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Technical description: Polymorphic sites across geographically structured white sucker hepatitis B virus (WSHBV) haplotypes. The gray outer rings represent the protein-coding regions of WSHBV and are highlighted with nonsynonymous mutations. These mutations correspond with the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highlighted by the inner rings, which are representative of geographic sampling site. Small numbering around the positional reference ring also corresponds with these SNPs and shows whether changes are transitions or transversions. The inner most rings representing GC and AT content are on a scale of 0–100% (innermost to outermost).

Illustration by Cynthia Adams and Luke Iwanowicz, EESC, USGS. Adapted from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33673082/