January 8, 2023 — Kīlauea, eruption at Halema‘uma‘u,

Photo of Halema‘uma‘u crater, at the summit of Kīlauea, taken during a 7:00 am HST helicopter overflight on Sunday, January 8, 2023. Multiple overlapping photos like this, taken as the helicopter flies around the crater, are used to create Structure-for-Motion (SfM) 3-D models. The 3-D models allow geologists to determine the surface area of and depth to the lava lake, from which eruption volume and rate can be estimated. USGS photo by J.M. Chang.