Schematic illustration showing the 1912 Novarupta eruption in Alaska and the caldera collapse at Mount Katmai

Schematic illustration showing the 1912 Novarupta eruption in Alaska and the caldera collapse at Mount Katmai, 10.6 km (about 6.6 miles) to the northeast. The illustration was modified from Eichelberger and Izbekov, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 358, 1465–1485 (2000).