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USGS is a primary source of geographic information system (GIS) data. Our data and information is presented in spatial and geographic formats, including The National Map, Earth Explorer, GloVIS, LandsatLook, and much more. Explore GIS Data Maps. 

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Map of Mars showing channels and possible paleolake basins Map of Mars showing channels and possible paleolake basins

The significance of water in the geologic evolution of Mars was strikingly revealed by Mariner and Viking spacecraft images. Theoretical and conceptual models of the Martian climate through time range from a brief, early, warm, and wet period followed by protracted desertification to episodic oceans that inundated the northern lowland plains and produced temperate climatic regimes.
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