Several major faults exist beneath the Kenai Lowland, and others may be inferred. No surface evidence was found to indicate that any of the faults have been active in Holocene time. The sparse shallow seismicity thus far recorded does not correlate with known faults, nor does it define linear trends suggestive of faulting. Tidal flats at the mouths of the Kenai, Kasilof, and Chickaloon Rivers have been uplifted in the Holocene, however, and the uplift may reflect growing anticlines at depth. Some faults associated with folding may be active, but they are probably too limited in size to generate destructive earthquakes. They could, however, constitute a hazard to manmade structures in their immediate vicinity.
Vibrational damage and ground failure during the 1964 earthquake were most extensive north of Tustumena Lake in areas of water-saturated unconsolidated deposits with uneven topography. South of Tustumena Lake, damage resulted mainly from landslides formed along unconfined bluffs and riverbanks, and from submarine sliding and subsidence at Homer Spit. A comparable distribution of surficial effects may be anticipated in future large earthquakes on the Kenai Lowland.
