Characteristics of thunder and electromagnetic pulses from volcanic lightning at Bogoslof volcano, Alaska

We combine global detections of volcanic lightning with acoustic and hydroacoustic data to investigate novel indications of plume electrification in ground-based, geophysical data streams during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska. Such signals offer additional ways to diagnose the occurrence of volcanic lightning and confirm whether eruptive activity is producing significant amounts of ash. We discuss three signatures of lightning activity: volcanic thunder, electromagnetic pulses arising from lightning-induced voltages in cabling, and hydroacoustic signals associated with volcanic lightning. Observations of these phenomena provide additional insights into volcanic lightning activity and reveal several periods of electrical activity that were not otherwise detected during the Bogoslof eruption.