Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

DevelNet: Earthquake detection on Develocorder films with deep learning: Application to the rangely earthquake control experiment

July 1, 2022

There exists over a century of instrumental seismic data; however, most seismograms recorded before the 1980s are only available in analog form. Although analog seismograms are of great value, they are underutilized due to the difficulties of making quantitative measurements on the original media and in converting them to digital time series. In this study, we present an alternative workflow, based on deep learning, to reconstruct an earthquake catalog from images of analog data without conversion to vector time series. We trained a convolutional neural network—DevelNet, using synthetic analog data to detect earthquakes on scanned multichannel Develocorder film images. We then developed an image‐based processing workflow to measure arrival times, locate, and determine the magnitudes of earthquakes in the data. We demonstrate the performance of this approach on two years of continuous Develocorder film recordings from the Rangely earthquake control experiment in the mid‐1970s. Our approach detects twice the number of events reported in the original catalog (Raleigh et al., 1976). This demonstrates that DevelNet efficiently detects earthquakes from Develocorder film scans, performs consistently over time, and is robust to changes in network geometry. Our locations generally agree with the original study, although the automatically measured arrival times are less precise than manual reading, leading to increased location scatter. Our automatic workflow of Develocorder films rivals the performance of skilled analysts in earthquake detection, but with minimal human intervention. This image‐based processing offers a new approach for effectively and efficiently extracting earthquake information from analog seismic data.

Publication Year 2022
Title DevelNet: Earthquake detection on Develocorder films with deep learning: Application to the rangely earthquake control experiment
DOI 10.1785/0220220066
Authors Kaiwen Wang, William L Ellsworth, Gregory C. Beroza, Weiqiang Zhu, Justin Rubinstein
Publication Type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Series Title Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Index ID 70240705
Record Source USGS Publications Warehouse
USGS Organization Earthquake Science Center