Induced seismicity and its impact on existing seismic hazard analysis

We develop a scheme for mapping changes in earthquake rates within a region in near-real-time. A specific goal of the work is to track recent changes in the rates of induced earthquakes in the central and eastern United States. We map rates in a time window of interest, map rates in a preceding time window, and then ratio the two maps to show changes. A proof-of-concept map is first prepared, comparing rates during the first six months of 2010 with rates from the preceding five years; this demonstration map shows, among other things, the growth of induced seismicity in Oklahoma during 2010. We then present a series of ten ratio maps: the first six months of 2018 compared with the preceding five years, and so on in six-month increments through the end of 2022. These maps show changes in the rates and locations of induced earthquakes, as well as other seismicity trends. Map regions, time windows, and other model parameters are easily adaptable for other applications.