Karst

Karst areas present unique hydrologic and hydrogeological characteristics that are often challenging to investigate. These characteristics are largely dependent on the extent of development of solution conduits within the underlying bedrock, and the resulting integration of surface and subsurface drainage components into a karst aquifer system. The investigation and characterization of karst aquifers typically require a multidisciplinary approach and the use of relatively specialized methods such as tracer testing, spring discharge monitoring, and various hydrograph separation or modeling techniques. Conventional methods of hydrologic or hydrogeologic investigation may be applied successfully for specific purposes; however, proper conceptualization of a given karst aquifer system is a requirement for effective analysis, modeling, and interpretation of karst hydrologic and hydrogeologic data.