Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Anna Kelbert, Ph.D. (Former Employee)

Science and Products

USGS science for a changing world logo

Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently
By
Community for Data Integration (CDI)
Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently
Learn More

Metadata standards for Magnetotelluric Time Series Data Metadata standards for Magnetotelluric Time Series Data

Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method that is sensitive to variations in subsurface electrical resistivity. Measurements of natural electric and magnetic fields are done in the time domain, where instruments can record for a couple of hours up to mulitple months resulting in data sets on the order of gigabytes. The principles of findability, accessibility
By
Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Estimated peak geoelectric field strengths during a Carrington-class magnetic storm Estimated peak geoelectric field strengths during a Carrington-class magnetic storm

This dataset presents modeled estimates of peak one-minute-resolution geoelectric-field strengths at 1,616 survey sites across the contiguous United States during a hypothetical Carrington-class magnetic storm. The values are derived using magnetometer time series and magnetotelluric impedance tensors. Each entry includes a most-likely value and a 68% confidence interval.
By
Earthquake Hazards Program, Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geologic Hazards Science Center
Filter Total Items: 29

The solar cycle, geology, and geoelectric hazards for power grids The solar cycle, geology, and geoelectric hazards for power grids

When sunspots are large and numerous, intense magnetic storms are likely to occur on the Earth. Magnetic storms can generate electric fields in the Earth, and these fields can, in turn, interfere with electric power transmission grids that are grounded at the Earth’s surface. Across the contiguous United States, geoelectric hazards are highest in the Upper Midwest and in the East. These...
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, Steven Sobieszczyk, E. Joshua Rigler, Anna Kelbert, Kristen A. Lewis
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt-metadata Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt-metadata

The Aurora software package robustly estimates single station and remote reference electromagnetic transfer functions (TFs) from magnetotelluric (MT) time series. Aurora is part of an open-source processing workflow that leverages the self-describing data container MTH5, which in turn leverages the general mt-metadata framework to manage metadata. These pre-existing packages simplify the
Authors
Karl Kappler, Jared R. Peacock, Gary D. Egbert, Andrew Frassetto, Lindsey Heagy, Anna Kelbert, Laura Keyson, Douglas W. Oldenburg, Timothy Ronan, Justin Sweet
By
Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Hybrid CPU-GPU solution to regularized divergence-free curl-curl equations for electromagnetic inversion problems Hybrid CPU-GPU solution to regularized divergence-free curl-curl equations for electromagnetic inversion problems

The Curl-Curl equation is the foundation of time-harmonic electromagnetic (EM) problems in geophysics. The efficiency of its solution is key to EM simulations, accounting for over 95% of the computation cost in geophysical inversions for magnetotelluric or controlled-source EM problems. However, most published EM inversion codes are still central processing unit (CPU)-based and cannot...
Authors
Hao Dong, Kai Sun, Gary D. Egbert, Anna Kelbert, Naser Meqbel
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Geoelectric field model validation in the southern California Edison system: Case study Geoelectric field model validation in the southern California Edison system: Case study

Geomagnetic storms are a natural phenomenon that cause magnetic field variations at the surface of the Earth. These variations induce electrical current in natural and artificial conductors at and below the surface, resulting in geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in power systems. The key to modeling GIC is to estimate the geoelectric field in the region of the power grid. The...
Authors
Christopher C. Balch, Chaoyang Jing, Anna Kelbert, Patricia Arons, Kevin Richardson
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

The March 1940 superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic hazards and impacts on American communication and power systems The March 1940 superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic hazards and impacts on American communication and power systems

An analysis is made of geophysical records of the 24 March 1940, magnetic storm and related reports of interference on long-line communication and power systems across the contiguous United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada. Most long-line system interference occurred during local daytime, after the second of two storm sudden commencements and during the early part of the storm's...
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, E. Joshua Rigler, Michael D Hartinger, Greg M. Lucas, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Estimating geomagnetically induced currents in southern Brazil using 3-D Earth resistivity model Estimating geomagnetically induced currents in southern Brazil using 3-D Earth resistivity model

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) result from the interaction of the time variation of ground magnetic field during a geomagnetic disturbance with the Earth's deep electrical resistivity structure. In this study, we simulate induced GICs in a hypothetical representation of a low-latitude power transmission network located mainly over the large Paleozoic Paraná basin (PB) in...
Authors
Karen V. Espinosa Sarmiento, Antonio L. Padilha, Livia R. Alves, Adam Schultz, Anna Kelbert
By
Geologic Hazards Science Center

MT-metadata: Open-source Python package to work with magnetotelluric metadata MT-metadata: Open-source Python package to work with magnetotelluric metadata

An open-source Python package to make reading/writing/editing magnetotelluric metadata easier.
By
Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Electromagnetic Transfer Function File Conversion Utilities (EMTF FCU) Electromagnetic Transfer Function File Conversion Utilities (EMTF FCU)

Magnetotelluric impedances and other similar transfer functions are important for geophysical interpretation and for space weather hazards. I helped develop and continue to curate a database known as IRIS EMTF, http://ds.iris.edu/spud/emtf which uses something called EMTF XML format for storing the data. EMTF FCU v4.1 software consists of a set of freely available format conversion tools...
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Earthquake Hazards Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Science and Products

USGS science for a changing world logo

Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently
By
Community for Data Integration (CDI)
Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

Development of a Flexible Multi-Channel Spatiotemporal Geophysical HDF5 Data Format Supporting FAIR

A unique opportunity for USGS to collaborate with IRIS-PASSCAL (the national seismic instrument facility) has presented itself to develop a geophysical data archive format that follows FAIR principles. IRIS-PASSCAL is extending facility to include magnetotelluric (MT) instruments prescribing the need for them to archive collected MT data by extending their existing protocol. Concurrently
Learn More

Metadata standards for Magnetotelluric Time Series Data Metadata standards for Magnetotelluric Time Series Data

Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method that is sensitive to variations in subsurface electrical resistivity. Measurements of natural electric and magnetic fields are done in the time domain, where instruments can record for a couple of hours up to mulitple months resulting in data sets on the order of gigabytes. The principles of findability, accessibility
By
Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Estimated peak geoelectric field strengths during a Carrington-class magnetic storm Estimated peak geoelectric field strengths during a Carrington-class magnetic storm

This dataset presents modeled estimates of peak one-minute-resolution geoelectric-field strengths at 1,616 survey sites across the contiguous United States during a hypothetical Carrington-class magnetic storm. The values are derived using magnetometer time series and magnetotelluric impedance tensors. Each entry includes a most-likely value and a 68% confidence interval.
By
Earthquake Hazards Program, Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geologic Hazards Science Center
Filter Total Items: 29

The solar cycle, geology, and geoelectric hazards for power grids The solar cycle, geology, and geoelectric hazards for power grids

When sunspots are large and numerous, intense magnetic storms are likely to occur on the Earth. Magnetic storms can generate electric fields in the Earth, and these fields can, in turn, interfere with electric power transmission grids that are grounded at the Earth’s surface. Across the contiguous United States, geoelectric hazards are highest in the Upper Midwest and in the East. These...
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, Steven Sobieszczyk, E. Joshua Rigler, Anna Kelbert, Kristen A. Lewis
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt-metadata Aurora: An open-source Python implementation of the EMTF package for magnetotelluric data processing using MTH5 and mt-metadata

The Aurora software package robustly estimates single station and remote reference electromagnetic transfer functions (TFs) from magnetotelluric (MT) time series. Aurora is part of an open-source processing workflow that leverages the self-describing data container MTH5, which in turn leverages the general mt-metadata framework to manage metadata. These pre-existing packages simplify the
Authors
Karl Kappler, Jared R. Peacock, Gary D. Egbert, Andrew Frassetto, Lindsey Heagy, Anna Kelbert, Laura Keyson, Douglas W. Oldenburg, Timothy Ronan, Justin Sweet
By
Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Hybrid CPU-GPU solution to regularized divergence-free curl-curl equations for electromagnetic inversion problems Hybrid CPU-GPU solution to regularized divergence-free curl-curl equations for electromagnetic inversion problems

The Curl-Curl equation is the foundation of time-harmonic electromagnetic (EM) problems in geophysics. The efficiency of its solution is key to EM simulations, accounting for over 95% of the computation cost in geophysical inversions for magnetotelluric or controlled-source EM problems. However, most published EM inversion codes are still central processing unit (CPU)-based and cannot...
Authors
Hao Dong, Kai Sun, Gary D. Egbert, Anna Kelbert, Naser Meqbel
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

Geoelectric field model validation in the southern California Edison system: Case study Geoelectric field model validation in the southern California Edison system: Case study

Geomagnetic storms are a natural phenomenon that cause magnetic field variations at the surface of the Earth. These variations induce electrical current in natural and artificial conductors at and below the surface, resulting in geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in power systems. The key to modeling GIC is to estimate the geoelectric field in the region of the power grid. The...
Authors
Christopher C. Balch, Chaoyang Jing, Anna Kelbert, Patricia Arons, Kevin Richardson
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center

The March 1940 superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic hazards and impacts on American communication and power systems The March 1940 superstorm: Geoelectromagnetic hazards and impacts on American communication and power systems

An analysis is made of geophysical records of the 24 March 1940, magnetic storm and related reports of interference on long-line communication and power systems across the contiguous United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada. Most long-line system interference occurred during local daytime, after the second of two storm sudden commencements and during the early part of the storm's...
Authors
Jeffrey J. Love, E. Joshua Rigler, Michael D Hartinger, Greg M. Lucas, Anna Kelbert, Paul A. Bedrosian
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Geomagnetism Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Estimating geomagnetically induced currents in southern Brazil using 3-D Earth resistivity model Estimating geomagnetically induced currents in southern Brazil using 3-D Earth resistivity model

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) result from the interaction of the time variation of ground magnetic field during a geomagnetic disturbance with the Earth's deep electrical resistivity structure. In this study, we simulate induced GICs in a hypothetical representation of a low-latitude power transmission network located mainly over the large Paleozoic Paraná basin (PB) in...
Authors
Karen V. Espinosa Sarmiento, Antonio L. Padilha, Livia R. Alves, Adam Schultz, Anna Kelbert
By
Geologic Hazards Science Center

MT-metadata: Open-source Python package to work with magnetotelluric metadata MT-metadata: Open-source Python package to work with magnetotelluric metadata

An open-source Python package to make reading/writing/editing magnetotelluric metadata easier.
By
Community for Data Integration (CDI), Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Electromagnetic Transfer Function File Conversion Utilities (EMTF FCU) Electromagnetic Transfer Function File Conversion Utilities (EMTF FCU)

Magnetotelluric impedances and other similar transfer functions are important for geophysical interpretation and for space weather hazards. I helped develop and continue to curate a database known as IRIS EMTF, http://ds.iris.edu/spud/emtf which uses something called EMTF XML format for storing the data. EMTF FCU v4.1 software consists of a set of freely available format conversion tools...
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Earthquake Hazards Program, Geologic Hazards Science Center
Was this page helpful?