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Heather Galbraith (Former Employee)

Science and Products

Elver stage American eel, Anguilla rostrata

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration
Learn More
Eastern elliptio (Elliptio complanata) mussel

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels
Learn More
Dwarf wedgemussel DNA sample collection

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US
Learn More
Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

It is difficult to evaluate the presence or abundance of many imperiled species. Low numbers, cryptic behaviors or habitats that are difficult to search can combine to make it difficult for a researcher to detect and monitor species and population changes. Wildlife and Fisheries researchers are applying research tools from molecular science to attempt to better understand and evaluate these...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

It is difficult to evaluate the presence or abundance of many imperiled species. Low numbers, cryptic behaviors or habitats that are difficult to search can combine to make it difficult for a researcher to detect and monitor species and population changes. Wildlife and Fisheries researchers are applying research tools from molecular science to attempt to better understand and evaluate these...
Learn More
Freshwater Mussels

Freshwater Mussel Physiology

Freshwater mussels are considered ecosystems engineers benefiting the streams and rivers they inhabit through filtration, biodeposition, and nutrient cycling, thereby influencing water quality. However, many of these species are rapidly declining due to shifting environmental conditions and habitat loss. Researchers at Eastern Ecological Science Center are evaluating how different species of...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Freshwater Mussel Physiology

Freshwater Mussel Physiology

Freshwater mussels are considered ecosystems engineers benefiting the streams and rivers they inhabit through filtration, biodeposition, and nutrient cycling, thereby influencing water quality. However, many of these species are rapidly declining due to shifting environmental conditions and habitat loss. Researchers at Eastern Ecological Science Center are evaluating how different species of...
Learn More

Site bathymetry, water temperature and rating curve 2004 and 2005 data for 3 sites in the Delaware River mainstem Site bathymetry, water temperature and rating curve 2004 and 2005 data for 3 sites in the Delaware River mainstem

Data were obtained in order to develop bathymetric maps, rating curve relationships between site stage and river flow conditions, and water temperature to better understand the habitat needs of the dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon, to inform conservation of the species and management of the river. Data are included from three parts of the research in the Delaware River focusing...
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Laboratory study on the effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels, Anguila rostrata (2011) Laboratory study on the effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels, Anguila rostrata (2011)

Data were collected on American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata) to determine optimal thermal conditions for laboratory rearing and aquaculture. American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata) were housed in buckets for 3 weeks at 14, 18, 22, or 26°C (n=5 buckets/treatment) to determine optimal juvenile rearing temperature in the laboratory. Initial weight (g) was recorded for each bucket. During...
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Silver eel responses to live and dead silver eel odors at the U.S. Geological Survey Wellsboro Lab in 2015 Silver eel responses to live and dead silver eel odors at the U.S. Geological Survey Wellsboro Lab in 2015

This is a tabular data set that contains morphological and experimental data for a study testing if silver stage American eel respond to each other's odor. Inside a laboratory flume, downstream-swimming eels were exposed to both live (putative attractant) and dead (putative repellent) conspecific washings to determine whether their trajectory of downstream movement, level of activity, or...
By
Great Lakes Science Center
No results found.
Filter Total Items: 32

The effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels The effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels

American eels are declining throughout their range requiring a better understanding of physiological requirements of all life stages and optimal conditions for laboratory rearing and aquaculture. American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata) were housed for 3 weeks at 14˚C, 18˚C, 22˚C, or 26˚C to determine optimal juvenile rearing temperature in the laboratory. All treatments exhibited weight...
Authors
Carrie J. Blakeslee, Heather S. Galbraith, Robert M. Deems
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Using United States Geological Survey stream gages to predict flow and temperature conditions to maintain freshwater mussel habitat Using United States Geological Survey stream gages to predict flow and temperature conditions to maintain freshwater mussel habitat

Habitat conditions necessary to support freshwater mussels can be difficult to characterize and predict, particularly for rare or endangered species such as the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon. In this study, we evaluate flow and temperature conditions in three areas of the mainstem Delaware River known to consistently support A. heterodon, and we develop...
Authors
Jeffrey C. Cole, Phillip A. Townsend, Keith N. Eshleman, Barbara St. John White, Heather S. Galbraith, William A. Lellis
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

Reestablishing a host–affiliate relationship: Migratory fish reintroduction increases native mussel recruitment Reestablishing a host–affiliate relationship: Migratory fish reintroduction increases native mussel recruitment

Co‐extirpation among host–affiliate species is thought to be a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are at risk globally and face many threats to survival, including limited access to viable host fish required to complete their life history. We examine the relationship between the common eastern elliptio mussel (Elliptio complanata) and its...
Authors
Heather S. Galbraith, Julie L. Devers, Carrie J. Blakeslee, Jeffrey C. Cole, Barbara St. John White, Steven Minkkinen, William A. Lellis
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Exposure to synthetic hydraulic fracturing waste influences the mucosal bacterial community structure of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) epidermis Exposure to synthetic hydraulic fracturing waste influences the mucosal bacterial community structure of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) epidermis

Production of natural gas using unconventional technologies has risen as demand for alternative fuels has increased. Impacts on the environment from waste generated from these processes are largely unexplored. In particular, the outcomes of organismal exposure to hydraulic fracturing waste have not been rigorously evaluated. We evaluated the effects of exposure to surrogate hydraulic...
Authors
Heather S. Galbraith, Deborah D. Iwanowicz, Daniel E. Spooner, Luke R. Iwanowicz, David Keller, Paula M. Zelanko, Cynthia R. Adams
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Freshwater mussel survey for the Columbia Dam removal, Paulins Kill, New Jersey Freshwater mussel survey for the Columbia Dam removal, Paulins Kill, New Jersey

Semi-quantitative mussel surveys, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delaware Riverkeeper Network in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, were completed in the vicinity of the Columbia Dam, on the Paulins Kill, New Jersey, in August 2017 in order to document the mussel species composition and relative abundance prior to removal of the dam. Surveys were conducted from the...
Authors
Heather S. Galbraith, Carrie J. Blakeslee, Jeffrey C. Cole, Erik L. Silldorff
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Species Management Research Program, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Changes in freshwater mussel communities linked to legacy pollution in the Lower Delaware River Changes in freshwater mussel communities linked to legacy pollution in the Lower Delaware River

Freshwater mussels are among the most-imperiled organisms worldwide, although they provide a variety of important functions in the streams and rivers they inhabit. Among Atlantic-slope rivers, the Delaware River is known for its freshwater mussel diversity and biomass; however, limited data are available on the freshwater mussel fauna in the lower, non-tidal portion of the river. This...
Authors
Carrie J. Blakeslee, Erik L. Silldorff, Heather S. Galbraith
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Hargrave, Chad W., Raul Ramirez, Melody Brooks, Michael A. Eggleton, Katherine Sutherland, Raelynn Deaton, and Galbraith, H.S. 2006. Indirect food web interactions increase growth of an algivorous stream fish. Freshwater Biology 51(10):1901-1910. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01625.x.
Vaughn, C.C., Spooner, D.E., and Galbraith, H.S. 2007. Context-dependent species identity effects within a functional group of filter-feeding bivalves. Ecology 88:1654-1662. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0471.1.
Galbraith, H.S., Spooner, D.E., Vaughn, C.C. 2008. Status of rare and endangered freshwater mussels in southeastern Oklahoma rivers. Southwestern Association of Naturalists 53(1):45-50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[45:SORAEF]2.0.CO;2.
Galbraith, H.S., Meier, C.K., and Vaughn, C.C. 2008. Environmental variables interact across spatial scales to structure trichopteran assemblages in Ouachita Mountain Rivers. Hydrobiologia 596(1):401-411. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-007-9124-z.
Galbraith, H.S., Frazier, S., Allison, B., and Vaughn, C.C. 2009. Comparison of gill surface morphology across a guild of suspension feeding bivalves. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(2): 103-107. DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyn045.
Allen, D. C., Heather S. Galbraith, Caryn C. Vaughn, and Daniel E. Spooner. 2013. A tale of two rivers: Implications of water management practices for mussel biodiversity outcomes during droughts. Ambio. 42: 881-891.
Lellis, William A., Barbara St. John White, Jeffery C. Cole, Connie S. Johnson, Julie L. Devers, Heather S. Galbraith. 2013. Newly documented host fish for the Eastern Elliptio Mussel (Elliptio complanata). Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management. 4: 75-85.
Galbraith, Heather S., Caleigh M. Smith, Kristyne M. Wozney, David T. Zanatta, Chris Wilson. 2011. Development and characterization of nine microsatellite loci for the endangered Kidneyshell, Ptychobranchus fasciolaris, and cross-amplification in closely related lampsilines (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Conservation Genetics Resources. 3:533-536.
Galbraith, Heather S., Kristyne M. Wozney, Caleigh M. Smith, David T. Zanatta, Chris Wilson. 2011. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the freshwater mussel Lasmigona costata (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Conservation Genetics Resources. 3:9-11.
Galbraith, Heather S. and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2011. Effects of reservoir management on abundance, condition, parasitism and reproductive traits of downstream mussels. River Research and Applications. 27:193-201.
Galbraith, Heather S., Daniel E. Spooner, Caryn C. Vaughn. 2010. Synergistic effects of regional climate patterns and local water management on freshwater mussel communities. Biological Conservation. 143:1175-1183.
Galbraith, Heather S. and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2009. Temperature and food interact to influence gamete development in freshwater mussels. Hydrobiologia, 636:35-47.
Galbraith, Heather S., Sarah Frazier, Brenda Allison and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2009. Comparison of gill surface morphology across a guild of suspension feeding bivalves. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(2):103-107.
Galbraith, Heather S., Christina K. Meier, and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2008. Environmental variables interact across spatial scales to structure trichopteran assemblages in Ouachita Mountain Rivers. Hydrobiologia 596(1):401-411.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

Science and Products

Elver stage American eel, Anguilla rostrata

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center
The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration

The role of pheromones in guiding American eel migration
Learn More
Eastern elliptio (Elliptio complanata) mussel

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels

Landscape genetics of Atlantic slope freshwater mussels
Learn More
Dwarf wedgemussel DNA sample collection

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US

Dwarf Wedgemussel Propagation and Restoration in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern US
Learn More
Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

It is difficult to evaluate the presence or abundance of many imperiled species. Low numbers, cryptic behaviors or habitats that are difficult to search can combine to make it difficult for a researcher to detect and monitor species and population changes. Wildlife and Fisheries researchers are applying research tools from molecular science to attempt to better understand and evaluate these...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

Imperiled Species Detection and Monitoring

It is difficult to evaluate the presence or abundance of many imperiled species. Low numbers, cryptic behaviors or habitats that are difficult to search can combine to make it difficult for a researcher to detect and monitor species and population changes. Wildlife and Fisheries researchers are applying research tools from molecular science to attempt to better understand and evaluate these...
Learn More
Freshwater Mussels

Freshwater Mussel Physiology

Freshwater mussels are considered ecosystems engineers benefiting the streams and rivers they inhabit through filtration, biodeposition, and nutrient cycling, thereby influencing water quality. However, many of these species are rapidly declining due to shifting environmental conditions and habitat loss. Researchers at Eastern Ecological Science Center are evaluating how different species of...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center
Freshwater Mussel Physiology

Freshwater Mussel Physiology

Freshwater mussels are considered ecosystems engineers benefiting the streams and rivers they inhabit through filtration, biodeposition, and nutrient cycling, thereby influencing water quality. However, many of these species are rapidly declining due to shifting environmental conditions and habitat loss. Researchers at Eastern Ecological Science Center are evaluating how different species of...
Learn More

Site bathymetry, water temperature and rating curve 2004 and 2005 data for 3 sites in the Delaware River mainstem Site bathymetry, water temperature and rating curve 2004 and 2005 data for 3 sites in the Delaware River mainstem

Data were obtained in order to develop bathymetric maps, rating curve relationships between site stage and river flow conditions, and water temperature to better understand the habitat needs of the dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon, to inform conservation of the species and management of the river. Data are included from three parts of the research in the Delaware River focusing...
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Laboratory study on the effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels, Anguila rostrata (2011) Laboratory study on the effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels, Anguila rostrata (2011)

Data were collected on American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata) to determine optimal thermal conditions for laboratory rearing and aquaculture. American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata) were housed in buckets for 3 weeks at 14, 18, 22, or 26°C (n=5 buckets/treatment) to determine optimal juvenile rearing temperature in the laboratory. Initial weight (g) was recorded for each bucket. During...
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Silver eel responses to live and dead silver eel odors at the U.S. Geological Survey Wellsboro Lab in 2015 Silver eel responses to live and dead silver eel odors at the U.S. Geological Survey Wellsboro Lab in 2015

This is a tabular data set that contains morphological and experimental data for a study testing if silver stage American eel respond to each other's odor. Inside a laboratory flume, downstream-swimming eels were exposed to both live (putative attractant) and dead (putative repellent) conspecific washings to determine whether their trajectory of downstream movement, level of activity, or...
By
Great Lakes Science Center
No results found.
Filter Total Items: 32

The effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels The effects of rearing temperature on American glass eels

American eels are declining throughout their range requiring a better understanding of physiological requirements of all life stages and optimal conditions for laboratory rearing and aquaculture. American glass eels (Anguilla rostrata) were housed for 3 weeks at 14˚C, 18˚C, 22˚C, or 26˚C to determine optimal juvenile rearing temperature in the laboratory. All treatments exhibited weight...
Authors
Carrie J. Blakeslee, Heather S. Galbraith, Robert M. Deems
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Using United States Geological Survey stream gages to predict flow and temperature conditions to maintain freshwater mussel habitat Using United States Geological Survey stream gages to predict flow and temperature conditions to maintain freshwater mussel habitat

Habitat conditions necessary to support freshwater mussels can be difficult to characterize and predict, particularly for rare or endangered species such as the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel, Alasmidonta heterodon. In this study, we evaluate flow and temperature conditions in three areas of the mainstem Delaware River known to consistently support A. heterodon, and we develop...
Authors
Jeffrey C. Cole, Phillip A. Townsend, Keith N. Eshleman, Barbara St. John White, Heather S. Galbraith, William A. Lellis
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

Reestablishing a host–affiliate relationship: Migratory fish reintroduction increases native mussel recruitment Reestablishing a host–affiliate relationship: Migratory fish reintroduction increases native mussel recruitment

Co‐extirpation among host–affiliate species is thought to be a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are at risk globally and face many threats to survival, including limited access to viable host fish required to complete their life history. We examine the relationship between the common eastern elliptio mussel (Elliptio complanata) and its...
Authors
Heather S. Galbraith, Julie L. Devers, Carrie J. Blakeslee, Jeffrey C. Cole, Barbara St. John White, Steven Minkkinen, William A. Lellis
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Exposure to synthetic hydraulic fracturing waste influences the mucosal bacterial community structure of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) epidermis Exposure to synthetic hydraulic fracturing waste influences the mucosal bacterial community structure of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) epidermis

Production of natural gas using unconventional technologies has risen as demand for alternative fuels has increased. Impacts on the environment from waste generated from these processes are largely unexplored. In particular, the outcomes of organismal exposure to hydraulic fracturing waste have not been rigorously evaluated. We evaluated the effects of exposure to surrogate hydraulic...
Authors
Heather S. Galbraith, Deborah D. Iwanowicz, Daniel E. Spooner, Luke R. Iwanowicz, David Keller, Paula M. Zelanko, Cynthia R. Adams
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Freshwater mussel survey for the Columbia Dam removal, Paulins Kill, New Jersey Freshwater mussel survey for the Columbia Dam removal, Paulins Kill, New Jersey

Semi-quantitative mussel surveys, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delaware Riverkeeper Network in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, were completed in the vicinity of the Columbia Dam, on the Paulins Kill, New Jersey, in August 2017 in order to document the mussel species composition and relative abundance prior to removal of the dam. Surveys were conducted from the...
Authors
Heather S. Galbraith, Carrie J. Blakeslee, Jeffrey C. Cole, Erik L. Silldorff
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Species Management Research Program, Eastern Ecological Science Center

Changes in freshwater mussel communities linked to legacy pollution in the Lower Delaware River Changes in freshwater mussel communities linked to legacy pollution in the Lower Delaware River

Freshwater mussels are among the most-imperiled organisms worldwide, although they provide a variety of important functions in the streams and rivers they inhabit. Among Atlantic-slope rivers, the Delaware River is known for its freshwater mussel diversity and biomass; however, limited data are available on the freshwater mussel fauna in the lower, non-tidal portion of the river. This...
Authors
Carrie J. Blakeslee, Erik L. Silldorff, Heather S. Galbraith
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Hargrave, Chad W., Raul Ramirez, Melody Brooks, Michael A. Eggleton, Katherine Sutherland, Raelynn Deaton, and Galbraith, H.S. 2006. Indirect food web interactions increase growth of an algivorous stream fish. Freshwater Biology 51(10):1901-1910. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01625.x.
Vaughn, C.C., Spooner, D.E., and Galbraith, H.S. 2007. Context-dependent species identity effects within a functional group of filter-feeding bivalves. Ecology 88:1654-1662. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-0471.1.
Galbraith, H.S., Spooner, D.E., Vaughn, C.C. 2008. Status of rare and endangered freshwater mussels in southeastern Oklahoma rivers. Southwestern Association of Naturalists 53(1):45-50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2008)53[45:SORAEF]2.0.CO;2.
Galbraith, H.S., Meier, C.K., and Vaughn, C.C. 2008. Environmental variables interact across spatial scales to structure trichopteran assemblages in Ouachita Mountain Rivers. Hydrobiologia 596(1):401-411. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-007-9124-z.
Galbraith, H.S., Frazier, S., Allison, B., and Vaughn, C.C. 2009. Comparison of gill surface morphology across a guild of suspension feeding bivalves. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(2): 103-107. DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyn045.
Allen, D. C., Heather S. Galbraith, Caryn C. Vaughn, and Daniel E. Spooner. 2013. A tale of two rivers: Implications of water management practices for mussel biodiversity outcomes during droughts. Ambio. 42: 881-891.
Lellis, William A., Barbara St. John White, Jeffery C. Cole, Connie S. Johnson, Julie L. Devers, Heather S. Galbraith. 2013. Newly documented host fish for the Eastern Elliptio Mussel (Elliptio complanata). Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management. 4: 75-85.
Galbraith, Heather S., Caleigh M. Smith, Kristyne M. Wozney, David T. Zanatta, Chris Wilson. 2011. Development and characterization of nine microsatellite loci for the endangered Kidneyshell, Ptychobranchus fasciolaris, and cross-amplification in closely related lampsilines (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Conservation Genetics Resources. 3:533-536.
Galbraith, Heather S., Kristyne M. Wozney, Caleigh M. Smith, David T. Zanatta, Chris Wilson. 2011. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the freshwater mussel Lasmigona costata (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Conservation Genetics Resources. 3:9-11.
Galbraith, Heather S. and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2011. Effects of reservoir management on abundance, condition, parasitism and reproductive traits of downstream mussels. River Research and Applications. 27:193-201.
Galbraith, Heather S., Daniel E. Spooner, Caryn C. Vaughn. 2010. Synergistic effects of regional climate patterns and local water management on freshwater mussel communities. Biological Conservation. 143:1175-1183.
Galbraith, Heather S. and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2009. Temperature and food interact to influence gamete development in freshwater mussels. Hydrobiologia, 636:35-47.
Galbraith, Heather S., Sarah Frazier, Brenda Allison and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2009. Comparison of gill surface morphology across a guild of suspension feeding bivalves. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(2):103-107.
Galbraith, Heather S., Christina K. Meier, and Caryn C. Vaughn. 2008. Environmental variables interact across spatial scales to structure trichopteran assemblages in Ouachita Mountain Rivers. Hydrobiologia 596(1):401-411.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

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