Mountain ecosystems of the western U.S. provide irreplaceable goods and services such as water, wood, biodiversity, and recreational opportunities, but their responses to global changes are poorly understood. The overarching objective of the Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) is to understand and predict the responses, emphasizing sensitivities, thresholds, resistance, and resilience, of Western mountain ecosystems to global change.
The effects of global change are now apparent in nearly all western mountain landscapes, including the Central Rockies of Colorado. As part of the long-term monitoring program in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, we have been tracking and interpreting trends in meteorology, precipitation chemistry, hydrology, limnology, water quality, and forest health, since 1983. Monitoring is the foundation upon which our research questions are based, and allows us to address mechanisms by which biogeochemical and biological processes are influenced by nitrogen deposition, climate change, and their interactions.
Our program goals are:
Research Objectives
- To observe and differentiate natural processes from unnatural, human-caused drivers of change.
- To understand and quantify the effects of atmospheric deposition and climate change on high-elevation ecosystems.
Program Objectives
- To share knowledge gained from research activities with the public, scientific community, and natural-resource managers.
- To offer a program of graduate education and research that develops future scientists and knowledgeable resource managers.
- To maintain the Loch Vale long-term ecological research project as a successful example of ecosystem-study design, interdisciplinary collaboration, long-term monitoring, and sustainable natural-resource management.
Watershed research, including in Loch Vale watershed, has been a continuous focus since the early 80's. Through the monitoring of biological, biogeochemical, and hydrological change and evaluation of the landscape, researchers assist in projecting climate change impacts and trends. A shared vision and approach to managing our resources will help build resilience to climate change.
Below are other science projects associated with this project.
The Western Mountain Initiative (WMI)
Western Mountain Initiative: Southern Rocky Mountains
Below are publications associated with this project.
Key ecological responses to nitrogen are altered by climate change
The differing biogeochemical and microbial signatures of glaciers and rock glaciers
Using science-policy integration to improve ecosystem science and inform decision-making: Lessons from U.S. LTERs
Long-term reactive nitrogen loading alters soil carbon and microbial community properties in a subalpine forest ecosystem
Optimizing available network resources to address questions in environmental biogeochemistry
Nutrients in the nexus
Moisture and temperature controls on nitrification differ among ammonia oxidizer communities from three alpine soil habitats
Paleolimnological records of nitrogen deposition in shallow, high-elevation lakes of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA
Links between N deposition and nitrate export from a high-elevation watershed in the Colorado Front Range
Climate, not atmospheric deposition, drives the biogeochemical mass-balance of a mountain watershed
Understanding thermodynamic relationships and geochemical mass balances from catchment to coast: A tribute to the life and career of Owen P. Bricker III
Symposium 9: Rocky Mountain futures: preserving, utilizing, and sustaining Rocky Mountain ecosystems
- Overview
Mountain ecosystems of the western U.S. provide irreplaceable goods and services such as water, wood, biodiversity, and recreational opportunities, but their responses to global changes are poorly understood. The overarching objective of the Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) is to understand and predict the responses, emphasizing sensitivities, thresholds, resistance, and resilience, of Western mountain ecosystems to global change.
A student filters water for the Western Mountain Initiative in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO. The effects of global change are now apparent in nearly all western mountain landscapes, including the Central Rockies of Colorado. As part of the long-term monitoring program in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, we have been tracking and interpreting trends in meteorology, precipitation chemistry, hydrology, limnology, water quality, and forest health, since 1983. Monitoring is the foundation upon which our research questions are based, and allows us to address mechanisms by which biogeochemical and biological processes are influenced by nitrogen deposition, climate change, and their interactions.
Our program goals are:
Research Objectives
- To observe and differentiate natural processes from unnatural, human-caused drivers of change.
- To understand and quantify the effects of atmospheric deposition and climate change on high-elevation ecosystems.
Stephanie Kampf and Katie Williams measuring a hillslope transect for snow depth and soil moisture Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, CO. May 2010. Photo by Jill Baron, USGS. Public domain. Program Objectives
- To share knowledge gained from research activities with the public, scientific community, and natural-resource managers.
- To offer a program of graduate education and research that develops future scientists and knowledgeable resource managers.
- To maintain the Loch Vale long-term ecological research project as a successful example of ecosystem-study design, interdisciplinary collaboration, long-term monitoring, and sustainable natural-resource management.
Watershed research, including in Loch Vale watershed, has been a continuous focus since the early 80's. Through the monitoring of biological, biogeochemical, and hydrological change and evaluation of the landscape, researchers assist in projecting climate change impacts and trends. A shared vision and approach to managing our resources will help build resilience to climate change.
- Science
Below are other science projects associated with this project.
The Western Mountain Initiative (WMI)
Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) is a long-term collaboration between FORT, WERC, NOROCK, USFS, NPS, LANL, and universities worldwide to address changes in montane forests and watersheds due to climate change. Current emphases include altered forest disturbance regimes (fire, die-off, insect outbreaks) and hydrology; interactions between plants, water, snow, nutrient cycles, and climate; and...Western Mountain Initiative: Southern Rocky Mountains
Mountain ecosystems of the western U.S. provide irreplaceable goods and services such as water, wood, biodiversity, and recreational opportunities, but their potential responses to projected climatic patterns are poorly understood. The overarching objective of the Western Mountain Initiative (WMI) is to understand and predict the responses—emphasizing sensitivities, thresholds, resistance, and... - Publications
Below are publications associated with this project.
Filter Total Items: 15Key ecological responses to nitrogen are altered by climate change
Climate change and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition are both important ecological threats. Evaluating their cumulative effects provides a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability to human activities, which would better inform policy decisions aimed to protect the sustainability of ecosystems. Our knowledge of the cumulative effects of these stressors is growing, but we lack an integrated undAuthorsT.L. Greaver, C.M. Clark, J.E. Compton, D. Vallano, A. F. Talhelm, C.P. Weaver, L.E. Band, Jill Baron, E.A. Davidson, C.L. Tague, E. Felker-Quinn, J.A. Lynch, J.D. Herrick, L. Liu, C.L. Goodale, K. J. Novak, R. A. HaeuberThe differing biogeochemical and microbial signatures of glaciers and rock glaciers
Glaciers and rock glaciers supply water and bioavailable nutrients to headwater mountain lakes and streams across all regions of the American West. Here we present a comparative study of the metal, nutrient, and microbial characteristics of glacial and rock glacial influence on headwater ecosystems in three mountain ranges of the contiguous U.S.: The Cascade Mountains, Rocky Mountains, and SierraAuthorsTimothy S. Fegel, Jill Baron, Andrew G. Fountain, Gunnar F. Johnson, Edward K. HallUsing science-policy integration to improve ecosystem science and inform decision-making: Lessons from U.S. LTERs
This Special Session took place on 12 August 2015 at the 100th Meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Baltimore, Maryland, and was conceived of and coordinated by the Science Policy Exchange. The Science Policy Exchange (SPE) is a boundary- spanning organization established to work at the interface of science and policy to confront pressing environmental challenges . SPE was created as aAuthorsPamela H. Templer, Kathleen Fallon Lambert, Marissa Weiss, Jill Baron, Charles T. Driscoll, David R. FosterLong-term reactive nitrogen loading alters soil carbon and microbial community properties in a subalpine forest ecosystem
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition due to increased fossil fuel combustion and agricultural practices has altered global carbon (C) cycling. Additions of reactive N to N-limited environments are typically accompanied by increases in plant biomass. Soil C dynamics, however, have shown a range of different responses to the addition of reactive N that seem to be ecosystem dependent. We evaluated the efAuthorsClaudia M. Boot, Ed K. Hall, Karolien Denef, Jill BaronOptimizing available network resources to address questions in environmental biogeochemistry
An increasing number of network observatories have been established globally to collect long-term biogeochemical data at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Although many outstanding questions in biogeochemistry would benefit from network science, the ability of the earth- and environmental-sciences community to conduct synthesis studies within and across networks is limited and seldom done satiAuthorsEve-Lyn Hinckley, Suzanne Andersen, Jill Baron, Peter Blanken, Gordon Bonan, William Bowman, Sarah Elmendorf, Noah Fierer, Andrew Fox, Keli Goodman, Katherine Jones, Danica Lombardozzi, Claire Lunch, Jason Neff, Michael SanClements, Katherine Suding, Will WiederNutrients in the nexus
Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has enabled modern agriculture to greatly improve human nutrition during the twentieth century, but it has also created unintended human health and environmental pollution challenges for the twenty-first century. Averaged globally, about half of the fertilizer-N applied to farms is removed with the crops, while the other half remains in the soil or is lost from faAuthorsEric A. Davidson, Rachel Niphong, Richard B. Ferguson, Cheryl Palm, Deanna L. Osmond, Jill S. BaronMoisture and temperature controls on nitrification differ among ammonia oxidizer communities from three alpine soil habitats
Climate change is altering the timing and magnitude of biogeochemical fluxes in many high elevation ecosystems. The consequent changes in alpine nitrification rates have the potential to influence ecosystem scale responses. In order to better understand how changing temperature and moisture conditions may influence ammonia oxidizers and nitrification activity, we conducted laboratory incubations oAuthorsBrooke B. Osborne, Jill Baron, Matthew D. WallensteinPaleolimnological records of nitrogen deposition in shallow, high-elevation lakes of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) from anthropogenic sources has been altering ecosystem function in lakes of the Rocky Mountains, other regions of western North America, and the Arctic over recent decades. The response of biota in shallow lakes to atmospheric deposition of Nr, however, has not been considered. Benthic algae are dominant in shallow, high-elevation lakes and are less sensitive to nutrient inpAuthorsSarah A. Spaulding, Megan K. Otu, Alexander P. Wolfe, Jill BaronLinks between N deposition and nitrate export from a high-elevation watershed in the Colorado Front Range
Long-term patterns of stream nitrate export and atmospheric N deposition were evaluated over three decades in Loch Vale, a high-elevation watershed in the Colorado Front Range. Stream nitrate concentrations increased in the early 1990s, peaked in the mid-2000s, and have since declined by over 40%, coincident with trends in nitrogen oxide emissions over the past decade. Similarities in the timing aAuthorsAlisa Mast, David W. Clow, Jill Baron, Gregory A. WetherbeeClimate, not atmospheric deposition, drives the biogeochemical mass-balance of a mountain watershed
Watershed mass-balance methods are valuable tools for demonstrating impacts to water quality from atmospheric deposition and chemical weathering. Owen Bricker, a pioneer of the mass-balance method, began applying mass-balance modeling to small watersheds in the late 1960s and dedicated his career to expanding the literature and knowledge of complex watershed processes. We evaluated long-term trendAuthorsJill S. Baron, Jared HeathUnderstanding thermodynamic relationships and geochemical mass balances from catchment to coast: A tribute to the life and career of Owen P. Bricker III
This special volume of aquatic geochemistry is dedicated to the memory of Owen Peterson Bricker III (1936–2011) and serves as a tribute to his life and career. Owen had a distinguished and productive research career in both academics at Johns Hopkins University (Fig. 1) and as a public servant with the Maryland Geological Survey, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the US Geological SurveyAuthorsSuzanne B. Bricker, Fred T. Mackenzie, Jill Baron, Jason PriceSymposium 9: Rocky Mountain futures: preserving, utilizing, and sustaining Rocky Mountain ecosystems
In 2002 we published Rocky Mountain Futures, an Ecological Perspective (Island Press) to examine the cumulative ecological effects of human activity in the Rocky Mountains. We concluded that multiple local activities concerning land use, hydrologic manipulation, and resource extraction have altered ecosystems, although there were examples where the “tyranny of small decisions” worked in a positivAuthorsJill S. Baron, Timothy Seastedt, Daniel B. Fagre, Jeffrey A. Hicke, Diana Tomback, Elizabeth Garcia, Zachary H. Bowen, Jesse A. Logan