Bahrain

In 2024, Bahrain was the world's sixth-ranked producer of aluminum, accounting for 2.2% of global production. Other mineral commodities produced in the country included cement, iron ore pellets (from imported iron ore), nitrogen (ammonia and urea), raw steel, and sulfur. Data on mineral production are in the Production table (formerly table 1). Production of mineral commodities, including hydrocarbons, contributed 17% to Bahrain’s gross domestic product. The country exported aluminum products to Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, and North America and South America, and imported iron ore from Brazil, Canada, Chile, and Sweden (Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C., 2025b, p. 51; Tamkeen, 2025, p. 2; Bahrain Steel, undated; Merrill, 2026).  

The legislative framework for investment in Bahrain’s mineral sector is provided by Law No. 21 of 2001. Ministry of Industry and Commerce oversees the mineral sector and provides services including monitoring mineral industry activities and managing the country’s mineral policies. Most mineral commodities were produced by domestic and foreign private companies. The Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More-extensive coverage of government policies and programs can be found in previous editions of this chapter in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International—Africa and the Middle East, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/africa-and-middle-east (Ministry of Industry and Commerce, undated). 

Commodity Review  

Aluminum.—Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C. (Alba), the country’s sole primary aluminum producer, achieved a record-high production of 1.62 million metric tons (Mt) in 2024. Australia and Saudi Arabia were the company’s primary suppliers of bauxite. Alba’s total sales of aluminum products were 1.61 Mt, which comprised extrusion billet (33.1%), foundry alloys (19.3%), liquid metal (19.5%), standard ingots (8.7%), rolling slab (11%), and high purity metal (8.4%) (Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C., 2025a; 2025b, p. 51, 52; Seferian, 2026). 

Production table

(Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified)

References Cited 

• Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C., 2025a, Alba sets new production record, exceeding 1.622 million metric tons: Askar, Bahrain, Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C., January 9. (Accessed August 18, 2025, at https://www.albasmelter.com/en/article/alba-sets-new-production-record-….) 

• Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C., 2025b, Beyond boundaries, beyond limits—Annual report 2024: Askar, Bahrain, Aluminium Bahrain B.S.C., 132 p. (Accessed August 18, 2025, via https://www.albasmelter.com/en/category/publications.) 

• Bahrain Steel, [undated], Products: Al Hadid, Bahrain, Bahrain Steel. (Accessed September 12, 2024, at https://www.bahrainsteel.com.bh/#!/products.) 

• Merrill, A.M., 2026, Aluminum: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 40–41. 

• Ministry of Industry and Commerce, [undated], Laws and regulations: Manama, Bahrain, Ministry of Industry and Commerce. (Accessed January 6, 2025, via https://www.moic.gov.bh/en/.) 

• Seferian, Nazareth, 2026, The US-Iran war showed the value of aluminium: Al Majalla [London, United Kingdom], April 6. (Accessed April 29, 2026, at https://en.majalla.com/node/330550/business-economy/us-iran-war-showed-….) 

• Tamkeen, 2025, Tamkeen sector profiles—Mining and quarrying: Manama, Bahrain, Tamkeen, March, 3 p. (Accessed August 18, 2025, at https://www.tamkeen.bh/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Mining-Quarrying-EN-1….)