Colombia

In 2024, Colombia was not a globally significant producer of mineral commodities. Production of mineral commodities (excluding the natural gas and petroleum sectors) contributed 1.1% to the country’s gross domestic product and 25.4% of total exports, by value. Mineral commodities produced in Colombia included cement, clays (bentonite and kaolin), copper, emerald, feldspar, ferronickel, gold, iron ore, limestone, nickel, phosphate rock, pig iron, platinum, raw steel, salt (rock and sea), and silver. The legislative framework for the mineral sector is provided by Mining law No. 685/2001. The Ministry of Mines and Energy oversees the mineral sector in Colombia. Most of the mining and mineral processing operations in Colombia were privately owned, with artisanal mining constituting a substantial minority segment. Gold represented the second-largest export by value of the mining sector, accounting for 32.7% of the mining sector's exports.