Israel

2024 Report

Full data release with tables here.

In 2024, Israel was estimated to be the world’s leading producer of bromine, accounting for 43% of global production (not including United States production); 4th-ranked producer of magnesium metal, accounting for 1.6% of global production; 7th-ranked producer of potash, accounting for 4.8% of global production; and 14th-ranked producer of phosphate rock, accounting for 1.0% of global production. The country also produced other mineral commodities, such as cement, clays, fertilizers, gypsum, refined lead (secondary), lime, magnesium, potash, salt, raw steel, stone, sand and gravel, and sulfur. Production of minerals and products thereof, including petroleum products, contributed 13% to Israel’s gross domestic product. 

The mining sector was governed by the Mining Ordinance of 1925 and subsequent regulations enacted in 1973 and 1978; and the Dead Sea Concession Law passed in 1961 and amended in 1986. The Mines and Quarries Division of the Natural Resources Administration of the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure oversees activities in the mining sector. Most mineral commodities were produced by private companies. In 2024, Israel exported 62,400 metric tons (t) of bromine, 56% of which went to China. Data on mineral production are in the Production table (formerly table 1). The Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More-extensive coverage of Government policies and programs can be found in previous editions of this chapter in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International—Africa and the Middle East, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/afric… (Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, 2018; Central Bureau of Statistics, 2025, p. 1–2; Office of the State Comptroller and Ombudsman of Israel, 2025, p. 3; Jasinski, 2026a, b; Londono, 2026;  Schnebele, 2026; United Nations, undated; United Nations, 2026). 

Commodity Review 

Bromine.—Bromine compounds were used in applications such as flame retardants, and more recently, electrolyte solutions used in flow batteries. Dead Sea Bromine Co. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of ICL Group Ltd. (ICL), extracted brines from the Dead Sea at its plant at Sodom, which had a production capacity of 280,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of bromine, and produced 190,000 t of bromine in 2024, up from 143,000 t in 2023. This was a return to normal levels of production. In 2023, lower production was attributed to decreased global demand for flame retardants and disruption from the war in Gaza. About 77% of the bromine produced by ICL was directed to the company’s downstream manufacturing operations for the production of bromine compounds at its facilities in China, Israel (Bromine Compounds Ltd., a subsidiary of ICL, in Neot Hovav), and the Netherlands (Production table; ICL Group Ltd., 2024, p. 66; 2025a, p. 9, 10, 61–63, 153, 434; 2025b). 

Magnesium.—In 2024, Israel’s production of magnesium metal (primary) was an estimated 17,000 t, unchanged from 2023. Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of ICL, operated a plant at Sodom in southeastern Israel near the southern end of the Dead Sea, with a production capacity of 21,000 t/yr of magnesium metal. In 2024, ICL produced 125,000 t of salt (Facilities table; Production table; ICL Group Ltd., 2025a, p. 193; 2025b). 

Phosphate Rock.—Israel’s production of phosphate rock in 2024 (gross weight) increased slightly to 5.8 million metric tons (Mt) from 5.7 Mt in 2023, and beneficiation produced 2.4 Mt of phosphate concentrate. Rotem Amfert Negev Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of ICL, produced phosphate rock at the Oron and Rotem Mines in the Negev Desert in southern Israel. The Oron Mine had 3.0 Mt of white phosphate reserves with an expected production rate of 200,000 t/yr through 2040 (Production table; ICL Group Ltd., 2025a, p. 185, 188, 434). 

Potash.—The production of potash (gross weight) decreased to about 3.7 Mt in 2024 from 3.8 Mt in 2023. Potash was produced by Dead Sea Works (DSW), a wholly owned subsidiary of ICL. These facilities produced potash using solar evaporation processes to extract potash from the Dead Sea at Sodom. DSW had 123 Mt of potash reserves by the year end of 2024 (Production table; ICL Group Ltd., 2025a, p. 69–70, 198, 434). 

References Cited

• Central Bureau of Statistics, 2025, Macro-economic statistics quarterly—July–September 2025: Jerusalem, Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics, 2 p. (Accessed January 15, 2026, at https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/macro_q202503/t02_01….) 

• ICL Group Ltd., 2024, Annual report for the period ended December 31, 2023: Tel Aviv, Israel, ICL Group Ltd, [variously paged; 414 p.] (Accessed April 14, 2026, at https://s205.q4cdn.com/697440571/files/doc_financials/2023/ar/20F-Final….) 

• ICL Group Ltd., 2025a, Annual report for the period ended December 31, 2024: Tel Aviv, Israel, ICL Group Ltd, [variously paged; 434 p.] (Accessed January 15, 2026, at https://s205.q4cdn.com/697440571/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/ICL-2024-….) 

• ICL Group Ltd., 2025b, ICL Dead Sea—From the depths of the Dead Sea to the world—Minerals that sustain life: Tel Aviv, Israel, ICL Group Ltd. (Accessed January 15, 2026, at https://www.icl-group.com/blog/icl-dead-sea-sustainable-minerals/.) 

• Jasinski, S.M., 2026a, Phosphate rock: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 142–142. 

• Jasinski, S.M., 2026b, Potash: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 146–147. 

• Londono, Vanessa, 2026, Magnesium metal: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 122–123. 

• Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, 2018, Mines and Quarries Division: Jerusalem, Israel, Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Mines and Quarries Division, July 25. (Accessed March 10, 2026, at https://www.gov.il/en/pages/mines_and_quarries_division.) 

• Office of the State Comptroller and Ombudsman of Israel, 2025, Management and supervision of the Dead Sea Concession—Environmental and land use aspects: Jerusalem, Israel, Office of the State Comptroller and Ombudsman of Israel, March, 22 p. (Accessed March 10, 2026, at https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Documents/2025/The-….) 

• Schnebele, E.K., 2026, Bromine: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 58–59. 

• United Nations, [undated], Israel—National mining report CSD–18 mining: New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division for Sustainable Development, 12 p. (Accessed March 10, 2026, at https://www.un.org/esa/dsd/dsd_aofw_ni/ni_pdfs/NationalReports/israel/m….) 

• United Nations, 2026, United Nations Comtrade database 2026: New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (Accessed May 7, 2026, via https://comtradeplus.un.org/.)