Mali

In 2024, Mali was mainly an important regional gold-producing country. In 2023 (the latest year for which information was available), gold production contributed an estimated 10% to Mali’s gross domestic product (GDP). Other mineral commodities produced included cement; silver as a byproduct of gold mining; diamond; gemstones such as amethyst, epidote, garnet, prehnite, and quartz varieties, lithium, and other industrial minerals such as gravel, phosphate rock, salt, and sand. Output for these commodities and information for many nonmetallic mineral commodities was insufficient to make reliable estimates of output. The mineral sector operates under law No. 2023-040 of August 8, 2023. The Direction Nationale de la Géologie et des Mines (National Directorate of Geology and Mines) administers and oversees mineral sector activities. Most major operations were privately owned, although the Government held minority interests. Mali exported gold principally, in decreasing order of exports quantity, to South Africa, Switzerland, and Australia (table 1; Government of the Republic of Mali, 2023, p. 862; Jeune Afrique, 2023; Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, 2024, p. 11; Ecofin, 2025; International Monetary Fund, 2025; Sheaffer, 2026).  

Data on mineral production are in the Production table (formerly table 1). The Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More extensive background on Mali’s mineral industry can be found in previous editions of the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International—Africa. 

Production table

(Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified)

References Cited 

• Government of the Republic of Mali, 2023, Journal officiel de la République du Mali— Loi N° 2023–040—Portant code Minier [Official Journal of the republic of Mali —law No. 2023–040—establishing the Mining Code]: Bamako, Mali, Government of the Republic of Mali, September 1, 40 p. (Accessed June 16, 2026, at https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-22.pdf) [In French.] 

• Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, 2024, Initiative pour la Transparence dans les Industries Extractives au Mali—Rapport ITIE 2023 [Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in Mali—EITI report 2023]: Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, June 6, 154 p. (Accessed April 4, 2025, at https://eiti.org/documents/mali-2023-eiti-report.) [In French] 

• International Monetary Fund, 2025, Mali, country data: Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund, April 2025. (Accessed June 15, 2025, at https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/MLI.) 

• Jeune Afrique, 2023, Avec un nouveau code minier, le Mali se réapproprie son or [With a new mining code, Mali is reclaiming its gold]: Jeune Afrique, August 30. (Accessed June 10, 2026, at https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1477461/economie-entreprises/avec-un-nouve….) [In French.] 

• Sheaffer, K.N., 2026, Gold: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 90–91.