Pakistan

In 2024, Pakistan was the seventh-ranked producer of industrial garnet, accounting for an estimated 0.3% of world production; the ninth-ranked producer of talc and related materials, accounting for an estimated 3.1% of world production; and the ninth-ranked (tied with Canada) producer of nitrogen (fixed, ammonia), accounting for an estimated 2.4% of world production. The mining and quarrying sector contributed 1.5% to Pakistan’s gross domestic product in fiscal year 2024, beginning July 1, 2023, and ending June 30, 2024. Mineral commodities produced in Pakistan included antimony, barite, bauxite, cement, chromite, clays, copper, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, emerald, iron and steel, iron ore, iron oxide pigments, lead, magnesite, phosphate rock, pumice, sand and gravel, soda ash, stone, sulfur, and zinc. 

The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Pakistan is provided by the Regulation of Mines and Oilfields and Mineral Development (Government Control) Act (enacted in 1948 and last amended in 1976) for the Federal level, the Mining Concession Rules for Four Provinces (Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh Provinces; enacted between 2002 and 2019) for the Provincial level, and the National Mineral Policy (enacted in 1995 and amended in 2013) for the Federal and Provincial levels. The Geological Survey of Pakistan oversees the mineral sector and provides services such as geologic mapping, geoscientific surveys, and minerals exploration. Most mineral commodities were produced by domestic private companies.

2024 Report

Full data release with tables here.

In 2024, Pakistan was not a globally significant producer of mineral commodities. In 2024, Pakistan was the seventh-ranked producer of industrial garnet, accounting for an estimated 0.3% of world production; the ninth-ranked producer of talc and related materials, accounting for an estimated 3.1% of world production; and the ninth-ranked (tied with Canada) producer of nitrogen (fixed, ammonia), accounting for an estimated 2.4% of world production. The mining and quarrying sector contributed 1.5% to Pakistan’s gross domestic product in fiscal year 2024, beginning July 1, 2023, and ending June 30, 2024. Mineral commodities produced in Pakistan included antimony, barite, bauxite, cement, chromite, clays, copper, feldspar, fluorspar, gypsum, emerald, iron and steel, iron ore, iron oxide pigments, kaolin, lead, magnesite, phosphate rock, pumice, sand and gravel, soda ash, stone, sulfur, and zinc. The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Pakistan is provided by the Regulation of Mines and Oilfields and Mineral Development (Government Control) Act (enacted in 1948 and last amended in 1976) for the Federal level, the Mining Concession Rules for Four Provinces (Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh Provinces; enacted between 2002 and 2019) for the Provincial level, and the National Mineral Policy (enacted in 1995 and amended in 2013) for the Federal and Provincial levels. The Geological Survey of Pakistan oversees the mineral sector and provides services such as geologic mapping, geoscientific surveys, and minerals exploration. Most mineral commodities were produced by domestic private companies (Maluka, 2017, p. 158–166; Geological Survey of Pakistan, 2023; State Bank of Pakistan, 2025, p. 6; Brioche, 2026a, b; Olson, 2026). 

Data on mineral production are in the Production table (formerly table 1). The Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More-extensive coverage of Government policies and programs can be found in previous editions of this chapter in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International—Asia and the Pacific, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/asia-…;

References Cited 

• Brioche, A.S., 2026a, Nitrogen (fixed)—Ammonia: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 136–137. 

• Brioche, A.S., 2026b, Talc and pyrophyllite: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 184–185. 

• Geological Survey of Pakistan, 2023, About GSP: Quetta, Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan. (Accessed January 2, 2026, at https://gsp.gov.pk/.) 

• Maluka, A.Z., 2017, Pakistan, chap. 15 of La Fleche, E.R., ed., The mining law review (6th ed.): London, United Kingdom, Law Business Research Ltd., October, p. 158–166. (Accessed January 2, 2026, at https://web.archive.org/web/20200804000922/https://joshandmakinternatio….) 

• Olson, D.W., 2026, Garnet (industrial): U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 84–85. 

• State Bank of Pakistan, 2025, Annual report 2024-25—The State of Pakistan’s economy—Statistical supplement: Karachi, Pakistan, State Bank of Pakistan, 153 p. (Accessed January 2, 2026, at https://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/annual/aarFY25/Statistical-Supplement/Co….)