Romania

In 2024, Romania was not a globally significant producer of mineral commodities. Production of mineral commodities contributed about 2.75% to Romania’s gross domestic product (GDP). Specifically, mining and quarrying contributed 1.01%; the manufacture of metals and metal products, 1.13%; and manufacture of nonmetallic mineral commodities, 0.61%. Mineral commodities produced in the country included aluminum, bentonite, cement, copper, gypsum, pig iron, lead, lime, manganese, nitrogen (ammonia), salt, sand and gravel, raw steel, steel products, stone, and sulfur. The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Romania is provided by the Mining Law, No. 85/2003, last amended on September 6, 2024, by Emergency Ordinance No. 107. In 2024, the Government also adopted Emergency Ordinance No. 77, which allows for the restart of nonenergy mining operations in line with the European Union’s Critical Raw Materials Act. The National Agency for Regulation in Mining, Petroleum and Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide is responsible, among other tasks, for issuing exploration and mining licenses. Mineral commodities were produced by private and state-owned companies.