In 2024, Syria was not a globally significant producer of mineral commodities. Production of mineral commodities represented only a minor part of the economy of the country. Mineral commodities produced in Syria included cement, gypsum, nitrogen (ammonia), phosphate rock, pumice, salt, steel, dimension stone (such as marble blocks), sulfur, and urea. The legislative framework for the mineral sector in the country is provided by Law No. 26 of 2009. Except for phosphate rock production, which was carried out by the General Company for Phosphate and Mines, General Establishment of Geology and Mineral Resources oversees mining activities in the country, either directly or through private contractors. Most mineral commodities were produced by state-owned enterprises, with some production carried out by privately owned, domestic companies (General Establishment of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2009; General Company for Phosphate and Mines, 2019; Syria Report, The, 2025).
Data on mineral production are in the Production table (formerly table 1). The Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More-extensive coverage of government policies and programs can be found in previous editions of this chapter in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports—International—Africa and the Middle East, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/africa-and-middle-east.
