Tajikistan
Tajikistan was the world’s second-ranked producer of antimony
Pictured: stibnite (antimony ore)
Statistics and information on the mining industry in Tajikistan.
Overview
In 2024, Tajikistan was the world’s second-ranked producer of antimony (not including United States production) and third-ranked producer of mercury, accounting for 18% and 1.9% of world output, respectively. Other mineral commodities produced in the country were aluminum, cement, copper, fluorspar, gold, gypsum, lead, salt, sand and gravel, silver, and zinc. Tajikistan’s real gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 8.4% in 2024 compared with an increase of 8.3% in 2023 owing to increase in three sectors—mining (mainly metal ore production), service, and trade. Total industrial production, in terms of value, increased by 20% from that in 2023. Within the industrial sector, mineral extraction, in terms of value, increased by 43%. Total mineral-processing production, in terms of value, increased by 7.6%. Tajikistan’s exports of antimony ore and concentrates all went to China; unwrought antimony (powders) primarily to France and Belgium; and antimony products primarily to Turkey. The country’s imports from the United States included iron and steel mill products, nonferrous metals, and nonmetallic minerals. The country’s exports to the United States included unwrought antimony (powders), gemstones, and nonferrous metals.
The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Tajikistan is provided by the Law on Subsoil of July 20, 1994, No. 983, which was amended on December 28, 2013. The Law on Precious Metals and Gemstones of May 12, 2001, No. 21, which was amended on November 27, 2014, regulates exploration for and production of precious metals and gemstones. Mineral commodities were produced by partially Government-owned companies and foreign companies (mainly from China). Comsup Commodities Inc. of the United States operated the Jijikrut antimony-mercury mine in Tajikistan. The Konchoch gold-antimony Mining and Processing Complex was operated by the Government-owned OJSC Tajik Aluminium Co.
In 2024, Tajikistan was the world’s second-ranked producer of antimony (not including United States production) and third-ranked producer of mercury and accounted for 18% and 1.9% of world output, respectively. Other mineral commodities mined and produced in the country were aluminum, cement, copper, fluorspar, gold, gypsum, lead, salt, sand and gravel, silver, and zinc. Tajikistan’s real gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 8.4% compared with an increase of 8.3% in 2023 owing to increase in mining production (metal ore production), trade, and services. Total industrial production, in terms of value, increased by 20% from that in 2023. Within the industrial sector, mineral extraction, in terms of value, increased by 43%. Total mineral-processing production, in terms of value, increased by 7.6%. Data on mineral production are in Production table (formerly table 1). Tajikistan exported 100% of antimony ore and concentrates to China; unwrought antimony (powders) primarily to France and Belgium; and antimony products primarily to Turkey. The country’s imports from the United States included iron and steel mill products, nonferrous metals, and nonmetallic minerals. The country’s exports to the United States included unwrought antimony (powders), gemstones, and nonferrous metals (Agency on Statistics Under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2025, p. 154; Asian Development Bank, 2025, p. 109; Klochko, 2026; National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2025, p. 144, 145; Sheaffer, 2026; U.S. Census Bureau, 2025; Trade Data Monitor LLC, 2025a–c; International Monetary Fund, 2026, p. 129).
The legislative framework for the mineral sector in Tajikistan is provided by the Law on Subsoil of July 20, 1994, No. 983, which was amended on December 28, 2013. The Law on Precious Metals and Gemstones of May 12, 2001, No. 21, which was amended on November 27, 2014, regulates exploration for and production of precious metals and gemstones. The Law on Production Sharing Agreements of March 5, 2007, No. 238, which was amended on August 1, 2012, is the law that regulates foreign investment in the exploration, transportation, processing, storage, usage, and trade of minerals between the state and investors when signing and terminating a production-sharing agreement. Mineral commodities were produced by partially Government-owned companies and foreign companies (mainly from China). Facilities table (formerly table 2) is a list of major mineral industry facilities. More-extensive coverage of Government policies and programs can be found in previous editions of this chapter in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook, volume III, Area Reports — International — Europe and Central Eurasia Region, which are available at https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/europ… (Japan-Tajikistan Network for Investment Environment Improvement, 2021; Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of Tajikistan, 2021; U.S. Department of State, 2024; Eurasian Group, undated).
Commodity Review
Antimony.—In 2024, Tajikistan ranked second in the world production of antimony after China and accounted for 18% of world production. Tajikistan’s production of antimony (Sb content) increased by 29% to an estimated 22,000 metric tons (t) from 17,000 t (revised) in 2023. Comsup Commodities Inc. of the United States operated the Jijikrut antimony-mercury mine in Sughd Province through its wholly owned subsidiary Anzob LLC. The Konchoch gold-antimony Mining and Processing Complex was operated by the Government-owned OJSC Tajik Aluminium Co. In 2024, Tajikistan exported 100% of antimony ores and concentrates to China. The exports of antimony ores and concentrates, in terms of volume, decreased by 30% to 6,060 t in 2024 from 8,462 t in 2023. Unwrought antimony (powders) exports went to France (48%), Belgium (44%), and United States (0.8%); antimony products exports mainly went to Turkey (96%) (PromoGroup Media KZ LLP, 2025; Trade Data Monitor LLC, 2025a–c; Klochko, 2026).
Production table
(Metric tons, gross weight, unless otherwise specified)
| Commodity | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminum, primary, metal | 84,000 | 61,000 | 62,000 | 66,000 | 86,000 |
| Antimony, mine, ore | 89,000e | 71,000e | 89,000e | 72,000e | 93,000e |
| Antimony, mine, ore, Sb content | 21,000 | 16,777 | 21,000 | 17,000e | 22,000e |
| Cement, hydraulic | 4,242,633 | 4,280,000 | 4,353,000 | 4,455,595 | 4,350,720 |
| Copper, mine, concentrates, 25% cu, Cu content | 1,000 | 1,800 | 1,200 | 1,500 | 1,600 |
| Copper, refinery, primary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,000e | 2,900e |
| Fluorspar | 0 | 0 | 5,000 | 15,000 | 15,000e |
| Gold, mine, ore, Au content (kilograms) | 7,595 | 8,079 | 11,907 | 13,800 | 14,500 |
| Gypsum, crude | 8,183 | 12,500 | 15,100 | 15,424 | 17,667 |
| Lead, mine, concentrates | 91,000 | 80,000 | 79,000 | 63,000 | 75,000e |
| Lead, mine, concentrates, Pb content | 54,863 | 48,058 | 47,510 | 37,809 | 45,077 |
| Mercury, mine, Hg content | 178 | 117e | 100e | 100e | 4e |
| Salt | 37,023 | 26,898 | 31,111 | 44,171 | 39,316 |
| Sand and gravel, construction, unspecified | 2,460,000 | 2,423,000 | 2,805,000 | 2,838,000 | 3,154,000 |
| Silver, mine, ore, Ag content (kilograms) | 11,400e | 11,500e | 11,000e | 12,000e | 17,000e |
| Zinc, mine, concentrates | 94,190 | 142,000e | 119,000e | 90,900e | 96,000e |
| Zinc, mine, concentrates, Zn content | 48,400 | 70,573 | 59,056 | 45,071 | 47,501 |
References Cited
- Agency on Statistics Under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2025, Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Respubliki Tajikistan yanvar’-dekabr’ [Social-economic positions of the Republic of Tajikistan January–December]: Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Statistical Agency Under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 283 p. (Accessed January 23, 2026, at https://www.stat.tj/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/12-2024-doklad-rusi.pdf.) [In Russian.]
- Asian Development Bank, 2025, Asia development outlook September 2025—Growth slows as a new global trade environment takes shape: Manila, Philippines, September 30, 201 p. (Accessed January 15, 2026, at https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/1085061/asian-devel….)
- Eurasian Group, [undated], Zakon Respubliki Tajikistan—”O dragotsennykh metallakh i dragotsennykh kamnyakh [Law of the Republic of Tajikistan about precious metals and
- Gemstones]: CIS Legislation, SojuzPravoInform LLC. (Accessed September 10, 2024, via https://eurasiangroup.org/files/Legislation_RUS/Tadjikiston/supervision….) [In Russian.]
- International Monetary Fund, 2026, World economic outlook—Global economy in flux, prospects remain dim: Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund, January 19, 166 p. (Accessed January 15, 2026, at https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2025/october/english….)
- Japan-Tajikistan Network for Investment Environment Improvement, 2021, Law of the Republic of Tajikistan about production sharing agreements: CIS Legislation, SojuzPravoInform LLC., 8 p. (Accessed September 10, 2024, https://jp-tj.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Law-of-Republic-the-Taj….)
- Klochko, Kateryna, 2026, Antimony: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 42−43.
- METALLPLACE, 2025, V Tajikistane rasshiryaut vypusk sur’my [Tajikistan expands production of antimony]: Moscow, Russia, METALLPLACE, October 7. (Accessed November 25, 2025, at https://metallplace.ru/news071025_9/.) [In Russian.]
- Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of Tajikistan, 2021, Law of the Republic of Tajikistan about the Subsoil: CIS Legislation, SojuzPravoInform LLC. (Accessed September 10, 2024, via https://ijozatnoma.tj/en/laws.)
- PromoGroup Media KZ LLP, 2025, Obzor dobyvayuschei otrasli Tajikistana [Tajikistan extractive industries overview]: Almaty, Kazakhstan, PromoGroup Media KZ LLP, September 9. (Accessed November 25, 2025, at https://dprom.kz/dobycha/obzor-dobivayushyeyi-otraslee-tadzheekeestana/.) [In Russian.]
- Sheaffer, K.N., 2026, Mercury: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, p. 126−127.
- Trade Data Monitor LLC, 2025, Trade Data Monitor database: Charleston, South Carolina, Trade Data Monitor LLC. (Accessed September 3, 2025, via https://tradedatamonitor.com/.)
- U.S. Census Bureau, 2025, Country and production data—Product details and partner country—Country by 5-digit end-use code, annual totals, 2012–Present: Suitland, Maryland, U.S. Census Bureau. (Accessed August 6, 2025, at https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/country/index.html.)
- U.S. Department of State, 2024, Investment climate statements—Tajikistan: Washington, DC, U.S. Department of State. (Accessed January 15, 2026, at https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-investment-climate-statements/tajiki….)
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