Doppler WSR-88D Weather Surveillance Radar (NEXRAD) and WSR-57

Able, K.P. 1970. A radar study of the altitude of nocturnal passerine migration. Journal of Field Ornithology 41: 282-290.

Able, K.P., and S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr. 1975. Quantification of nocturnal passerine migration with a portable ceilometer. Condor 77: 92-96.

Bachmann, S., and D.S. Zrnic. 2007. Spectral density of polarimetric variables separating biological scatterers in the VAD display. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24: 1186-1198.

Bachmann, S., and D.S. Zrnic. 2008. Suppression of clutter residue in weather radar reveals birds' corridors over urban area. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE 5: 128-132.

Bachmann, S., and D.S. Zrnic. 2008. Three-dimensional attributes of clear-air scatterers observed with the polarimetric weather radar. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE 5: 231-235.

Bachmann, S., and D.S. Zrnic. 2007. Spectral density of polarimetric variables separating biological scatterers in the VAD display. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24: 1186-1198.

Bellrose, F.C., and R.R. Graber. 1963. A radar study of flight directions of nocturnal migrants. Pp. 362-389 in C.G. Sibley (editor). Proceedings of the XIII International Ornithological Congress, Ithaca, NY. American Ornithologists' Union, Baton Rouge, LA.

Bonter, D.N., S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr., and T.M. Donovan. 2009. Characteristics of important stopover locations for migrating birds: remote sensing with radar in the Great Lakes Basin. Conservation Biology 23: 440-448.

Bridge, E.S., S.M. Pletschet, T. Fagin, P.B. Chilson, K.G. Horton, K.R. Broadfoot, and J.F. Kelly. 2015. Persistence and habitat associations of Purple Martin roosts quantified via weather surveillance radar. Landscape Ecology. doi: 10.1007/s10980-015-0279-0 

Buler, J.J., W.C. Barrow, Jr., and L. Randall. 2010. An assessment of wintering waterfowl use of Wetland Reserve Program restored wetlands in California using NEXRAD weather radar: Final report. Produced in collaboration between U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Delaware.

Buler, J.J. and R.H. Diehl. 2009. Quantifying bird density during migratory stopover using weather surveillance radar. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions 47: 2741–2751.

Buler, J.J. and F. R. Moore. 2011. Migrant-habitat relationships during stopover along an ecological barrier: Extrinsic constraints and conservation implications. Journal of Ornithology (published online 05 January 2011) DOI 10.1007/s10336-010-0640-7.

Buler, J.J. and D.K. Dawson. 2014. Radar analysis of fall bird migration stopover sites in the northeastern U.S. Condor 116:357-370.

Chilson, P.B., E. Bridge, W.F. Frick, J.W. Chapman, and J.F. Kelly. 2012. Radar aeroecology: exploring the movements of aerial fauna through radio-wave remote sensing. Biology Letters http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2012/05/21/rsbl.2012.0384.full.html

Chilson, P.B., W.F. Frick, J.F. Kelly, K.W. Howard, R.P. Larkin, R.H. Diehl, J.K. Westbrook, T. Adam Kelly, and T.H. Kunz. 2012. Partly cloudy with a chance of migration – weather, radars, and aeroecology. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93:669-686

Diehl, R.H., and R.P. Larkin. 2005. Introduction to the WSR-88D (NEXRAD) for ornithological research. Pp. 876-888 in C.J. Ralph and T.D. Rich (editors). Bird conservation implementation and integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference, Vol. 2. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-191. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA.

Diehl, R.H., R.P. Larkin, and J.E. Black. 2003. Bird migration around the Great Lakes on Doppler radar: implications for habitat conservation. Auk 120: 278-290.

Diehl, R.H., J.M. Bates, D.E. Willard, and T.P. Gnoske. 2014. Bird mortality during nocturnal migration over Lake Michigan: a case study. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 126:19-29.

Doviak, R.J., and D.S. Zrnic. 1993. Doppler radar and weather observations. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. [Read Chapter 8]

Drury, W.H., and J.A. Keith. 1962. Radar studies of songbird migration in Coastal New England. Ibis 104: 449-489.

Edwards, J., and E. W. Houghton. 1959. Radar echoing area polar diagrams of birds. Nature 184: 1059.

Farnsworth, A., S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr., and D. Van Blaricom. 2004. A comparison of nocturnal call counts of migrating birds and reflectivity measurements on Doppler radar. Journal of Avian Biology 35: 365-369.

Farnsworth, A., D. Sheldon, J. Geevarghese, J. Irvine, B. Van Doren, K. Webb, T. Dietterich, and S. Kelling. 2014. Reconstructing velocities of migrating birds from weather radar - A case study in computational sustainability. AI Magazine 35:31–48. 

Felix, Jr., R.K., R.H. Diehl, and J.M. Ruth. 2008. Seasonal passerine migratory movements over the arid Southwest. Studies in Avian Biology No. 37: 126-137.

Fischer, R.A., S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr., J.J. Valenta, M.P. Guilfoyle, and M.D. Kaller. 2012. Comparing transect survey and WSR-88D radar methods for monitoring daily changes in stopover migrant communities. Journal of Field Ornithology 83(1):61-72.

Gagnon, F., M. Belisle, J. Ibarzabal, J-P.L. Savard, and P. Vaillancourt. 2009. Comparison between nocturnal aural passerine counts and radar reflectivity from a Canadian weather surveillance radar. Auk 127: 119-128.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A. 1970. Weather radar quantification of bird migration. BioScience 20: 17-20.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A. 1971. A radar and direct visual study of passerine spring migration in southern Louisiana. Auk 88: 343-365.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A. 1972. Behavioral responses of migrating birds to daylight and darkness: A radar and direct visual study. Wilson Bulletin 84: 136-148.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A. 1991. The flight behavior of migrating birds in changing wind fields: radar and visual analyses. American Zoologist 31: 187-204.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A. 1992. The use of weather radar to monitor long-term patterns of trans-Gulf migration in spring. Pp. 96-100 in J.M. Hagan and D.W. Johnston (editors). Ecology and conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A. 1994. Long-term radar surveillance of bird migration. Journal für Ornithologie 135: 504.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A., and C.G. Belser. 1998. Displays of bird movements on the WSR-88D: patterns and quantification. Weather and Forecasting 13: 453-464.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A., and C.G. Belser. 1999. “Reply” to displays of bird movements on the WSR-88D: patterns and quantification. Weather and Forecasting 14: 1041-1042.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A., and C.G. Belser. 1999. Bird migration in the region of the Gulf of Mexico. Pp. 1931-1947 in N.J. Adams and R.H. Slotow (editors). Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A. and C.G. Belser. 2003. Bird movements on Doppler weather surveillance radar. Birding 35: 616-628.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A., C.G. Belser, and A. Farnsworth. 2000. How to use Doppler weather surveillance radar to study hawk migration. Pp. 146-160 in K.L. Bildstain and D. Klem Jr. (editors). Hawkwatching in the Americas. HMANA, North Wales, PA.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A., C.G. Belser, and D. Van Blaricom. 2003. Using a network of WSR-88D weather surveillance radars to define patterns of bird migration at large spatial scales. Pp. 335-346 in P. Berthold, E. Gwinner, and E. Sonnenschein (editors). Avian migration. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

Gauthreaux, Jr., S.A., C.G. Belser, and C.M. Welch. 2006. Atmospheric trajectories and spring bird migration across the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Ornithology 147: 317-325.

Horton, K.G., W.G. Shriver, and J. Buler. 2015. A comparison of traffic estimates of nocturnal flying animals using radar, thermal imaging, and acoustic recording. Ecological Applications 25(2):390-401.

Kelly, J.F., J.R. Shipley, P.B. Chilson, K.W. Howard, W.F. Frick, and T.H. Kunz. 2012. Quantifying animal phenology in the aerosphere at a continental scale using NEXRAD weather radars. Ecosphere 3(2): 1-9. (Purple Martin)

Koistinen, J. 2000. Bird migration patterns on weather radars. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (B) 25: 1185-1193.

Larkin, R.P. 1984. The potential of the NEXRAD radar system for warning of bird hazards. Pp. 369-379 in Proceedings of the Wildlife Hazards to Aircraft Conference and Workshop. Federal Aviation Administration, Charleston, SC.

Larkin, R.P. 1991. Sensitivity of NEXRAD algorithms to echoes from birds and insects. Pp. 203-205 in 25th International Conference on Radar Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Paris, France.

Larkin, R.P. 2006. Locating bird roosts with Doppler radar. Pp. 244-249 in Timm, R.A. and J.M. O’Brien (editors). Proceedings 22nd Vertebrate Pest Control Conference. University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.

Larkin, R.P., W.R. Evans, and R.H. Diehl. 2002. Nocturnal flight calls of Dickcissels and Doppler radar echoes over south Texas in spring. Journal of Field Ornithology 73: 2-8.

Larkin,R.P., D.R. Griffin, J.R. Torre-Bueno and J. Teal. 1979. Radar observation of bird migration over the western North Atlantic Ocean. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 4: 225-264.

Larkin, R.P. and R.E. Szafoni. 2008. Evidence for widely dispersed birds migrating together at night. Integrative and Comparative Biology 48: 40-49.

Laughlin, A.J., C.M. Tayler, D.W. Bradley, et al. 2013. Integrating information from geolocators, weather radar, and citizen science to uncover a key stopover area of an aerial insectivore. Auk 130:230-239.

Martin, W.J. and A. Shapiro. 2007. Discrimination of bird and insect radar echoes in clear air using high-resolution radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24: 1215-1230.

Mead, R., J. Paxton, and R.S. Sojda. 2008. Identifying biological echoes in radar scans using machine learning. Pp. 1758-1765 in Sànchez-Marrè, M., J. Comas, A. Rizzoli and G. Guariso (editors). Proceedings of the 4th Biennial Meeting of the International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software: Integrating sciences and information technology for environmental assessment and decision making. Barcelona, Spain. 

Nebuloni, R., C. Capsoni, and V. Vigorita. 2008. Quantifying bird migration by a high-resolution weather radar. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE Transactions 46: 1867-1875.

O' Bannon, T. 1995. Anomalous WSR-88D Wind Profiles—Migrating Birds? Pp. 663-665 in Preprints for the 27th Conference on Radar Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Vail, CO.

O’Neal, B.J., J.D. Stafford, and R.P. Larkin. 2010. Waterfowl on weather radar: applying ground-truth to classify and quantify bird movements. Journal of Field Ornithology 81: 71-82.

O’Neal, B.J., J.D. Stafford, and R.P. Larkin. 2012. Stopover duration of fall-migrating dabbling ducks. Journal of Wildlife Management 78:285-293.

O’Neal, B.J., J.D. Stafford, and R.P. Larkin. 2015. Migrating ducks in inland North America ignore major rivers as leading lines. Ibis 157:154–161.

Randall, L.A., R.H. Diehl, B.C. Wilson, W.C. Barrow, Jr., and C.W. Jeske. 2011. Potential use of weather radar to study movements of wintering waterfowl. The Journal of Wildlife Management 75(6):1324-1329. 

Richardson, W.J. 1982. Northeastward reverse migration of birds over Nova Scotia, Canada, in autumn. Journal of Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 10:193-206.

Russell, K.R. and S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr. 1998. Use of weather radar to characterize movements of roosting purple martins. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26: 5-16.

Russell, K.R. and S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr. 1999. Spatial and temporal dynamics of a purple martin pre-migratory roost. Wilson Bulletin 111: 354-362.

Russell, K.R., D.S. Mizrahi, and S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr. 1998. Large-scale mapping of purple martin pre-migratory roosts. Journal of Field Ornithology 69: 316-325.

Ruth, J.M., J.J. Buler, R.H. Diehl, and R.S. Sojda. 2008. Management and research applications of long-range surveillance radar data for birds, bats, and flying insects. Fact Sheet 2008-3095. U.S. Geological Survey. 4 p.

Ruth, J.M., R.H. Diehl, and R.K. Felix, Jr. 2012. Migrating birds’ use of stopover habitat in the southwestern United States. The Condor 114(4): 698-710.

Sheldon, D.R., A. Farnsworth, J. Irvine, B. Van Doren, K.F. Webb, T.G. Dietterich, and S. Kelling. 2013. Approximate Bayesian Inference for Reconstructing Velocities of Migrating Birds from Weather Radar.in Assoc. for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). Citeseer. 

Sieges, M.L., J.A. Smolinsky, M.J. Baldwin, W.C. Barrow, Jr., L.A. Randall, and J.J. Buler. 2014. Assessment of bird response to the Migratory Bird Habitat Initiative using weather-surveillance radar. Southeastern Naturalist 13:G36-G65.

Simons, T.R., F.R. Moore, and S.A. Gauthreaux, Jr. 2004. Mist netting trans-Gulf migrants at coastal stopover sites: the influence of spatial and temporal ariability on capture data. Pp. 135-143 in C.J. Ralph and E.H. Dunn (editors). Monitoring bird populations using mist nets. Studies in Avian Biology No. 29.

Stepanian, P.M. and K.G. Horton. 2015. Extracting migrant flight orientation profiles using polarimetric radar. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 53:6518-6528.

Van Doren, B.M., D. Sheldon, J. Geevarghese, W.M. Hochachka, and A. Farnsworth. 2015. Autumn morning flights of migrant songbirds in the northeastern United States are linked to nocturnal migration and winds aloft. Auk 132:105-118.

Williams, T.C., P. Berkeley, and V. Harris. 1977. Autumnal bird migration over Miami studied by radar: a possible test of the wind drift hypothesis. Journal of Field Ornithology 48: 1-10.

Wilson, J., and H. Baynton. 1980. Operational application of meteorological Doppler radar. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 61: 1154-1168.

Zhang, P., A. Ryzhkov, and D. Zrnic. 2006. Polarimetric prototype of the WSR-88D radar observations of birds and insects. CD-ROM in Preprints, 12th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.

Zhang, P., S. Liu, and Q. Xu. 2005. Identifying Doppler velocity contamination caused by migratory birds. Part 1: Feature extraction and quantification. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22: 1105-1113.

 

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