Aquatic reflectance data from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery is paired with continuous water quality measurements across the Delaware, Illinois, Trinity, Upper Colorado, and Willamette River basins in the United States from July 2015 through September 2024. The dataset contains a zipped file (Matched_WQ_S2.zip) containing two csvs of matched continuous colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), chlorophyll-a, and turbidity measurements geographically and temporally matched to Sentinel-2 aquatic reflectance pixel values for bands 1 through 8A, 11, and 12. A zip file of python scripts (Aquatic_Reflectance_Extraction_Scripts.zip) is included to recreate the dataset.