Remote Surface Rupture Observations for the M7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) Earthquake

This data release contains datasets that depict fault rupture and surface displacement from the M7.7 Mandalay, Myanmar, earthquake on March 28, 2025. The earthquake caused ~475 km of right-lateral surface rupture on the Sagaing fault in Myanmar. These data were based on rapid analysis of available satellite data after the earthquake and updated as more information became available. They were provided provisionally and can be viewed interactively at https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/e40a6967c3ea42dd85bf44037e0548…. These data were mapped rapidly following the March 28, 2025, earthquake to support scientific and humanitarian response. Initial preliminary rupture traces were released to the public via the above web map and used in National Earthquake Information Center response. This data release represents the final data compilation. For updated datasets, we provide both provisional and final versions of the datasets, each marked with the date it was released and “provisional” or “final”. These datasets are based on remote sensing and have not been ground checked. Details of each dataset are below in “Explanation of Data”.
 
Disclaimer: "Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government."
 

Explanation of Data:
 
Optical Pixel Offsets 
Surface displacement fields, decomposed into north-south and east-west components, derived from sub-pixel correlation of Sentinel-2 (10 m), Landsat (15 m), and PlanetDove (3 m) optical satellite images. The layer names indicate the sensor source, pre-earthquake acquisition date (yyyymmdd), post-earthquake acquisition date (yyyymmdd), and displacement component (NS or EW). The PlanetDove scenes were merged into pre- (March 26 and 28, 47 images) and post-earthquake (March 30 and 31, 61 images) composite scenes prior to correlation with MicMac (Rosu and others, 2015; Rupnik and others, 2017). Sentinel-2 and Landsat pixel correlations results were processed using the Caltech COSI-Corr package (Ayoub and others, 2009; Aati and others, 2022) in two batches based on availability date (20250325-20250330 and 20250327-20250401 for Sentinel-2, 20250316-20250401 and 20250317-20250402 for Landsat 8 and 9). Sub-pixel offsets maps were destriped to mitigate sensor artifacts. Sentinel-2 (S2) observations are Copernicus Sentinel data processed by the European Space Agency. Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 (LS) images courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. Planet images © 2025 Planet Labs PBC accessed via the U.S. Government Plus (USG+) license. The raster datasets are provided in .tif format. Landsat results are provided in UTM Zone 47 N (epsg=32647). Sentinel-2 and PlanetDove results are provided in WGS84 (epsg=4326).
 
Image Pairs:
2025.03.25-2025.03.30 (Sentinel-2)
2025.03.27-2025.04.01 (Sentinel-2)
2025.03.16-2025.04.01 (Landsat-8)
2025.03.17-2025.04.02 (Landsat-9)
2025.03.26&28-2025.03.30&31 (PlanetDove)
 
Result Files:
s2.zip: (80 m resolution)
-       s2_20250325_20250330_EW-destriped.tif
-       s2_20250325_20250330_NS-destriped.tif
-       s2_20250327_20250401_EW-destriped.tif
-       s2_20250327_20250401_NS-destriped.tif
landsat.zip: (120 m resolution)
-       LC08_L1TP_133044_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133044_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_EW.tif
-       LC08_L1TP_133044_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133044_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_NS.tif
-       LC08_L1TP_133045_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133045_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_EW.tif
-       LC08_L1TP_133045_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133045_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_NS.tif
-       LC08_L1TP_133046_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133046_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_EW.tif
-       LC08_L1TP_133046_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133046_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_NS.tif
-       LC08_L1TP_133047_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133047_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_EW.tif
-       LC08_L1TP_133047_20250316_20250327_02_T1_B8_VS_LC08_L1TP_133047_20250401_20250401_02_RT_B8-destriped-76.8_NS.tif
-       LC09_L1TP_132046_20250317_20250317_02_T1_B8-cropped_VS_LC09_L1TP_132046_20250402_20250402_02_T1_B8-cropped-destriped-76.8_EW.tif
-       LC09_L1TP_132046_20250317_20250317_02_T1_B8-cropped_VS_LC09_L1TP_132046_20250402_20250402_02_T1_B8-cropped-destriped-76.8_NS.tif
-       LC09_L1TP_132047_20250317_20250317_02_T1_B8-cropped_VS_LC09_L1TP_132047_20250402_20250402_02_T1_B8-cropped-destriped-76.8_EW.tif
-       LC09_L1TP_132047_20250317_20250317_02_T1_B8-cropped_VS_LC09_L1TP_132047_20250402_20250402_02_T1_B8-cropped-destriped-76.8_NS.tif
-       LC09_L1TP_132048_20250317_20250317_02_T1_B8-cropped_VS_LC09_L1TP_132048_20250402_20250402_02_T1_B8-cropped-destriped-76.8_EW.tif
-       LC09_L1TP_132048_20250317_20250317_02_T1_B8-cropped_VS_LC09_L1TP_132048_20250402_20250402_02_T1_B8-cropped-destriped-76.8_NS.tif
planet.zip (10 m resolution)
-       planet_EW.tif
-       planet_NS.tif
 
 
Simple Rupture Trace 
Simplified mapping of fault traces observed from displacement discontinuities in pixel correlation results. Mapping was performed at 1:250,000 scale from Sentinel-2 and PlanetDove pixel correlation with 80-m and 3-m resolution, respectively. The mapped traces are inferred, rather than directly observed, fault rupture traces based on displacement discontinuities observed in the pixel correlation results. These simplified fault traces were adjusted to be co-located with the detailed surface rupture mapping. The vector data files are provided in shapefile, geoJSON, and KML format in WGS84 (epsg=4326), grouped by date.
 
Files included in simple_rupture_trace.zip:
-       simple_rupture_trace_20250331_provisional.zip
-       simple_rupture_trace_20250401_provisional.zip
-       simple_rupture_trace_20250401v2_provisional.zip
-       simple_rupture_trace_20250409_provisional.zip
-       simple_rupture_trace_20250710_final.zip
 
 
Surface Rupture Lines 
Mapping was performed on high-resolution (