Threat of Invasives to Native Species and Ecosystems
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By Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
November 14, 2017
Invasive species are a growing threat to native species and ecosystem processes in fresh waters. The Introducing non-native fish into an area may have no effect, little current effect, or the potential to seriously impact the native species, possibly resulting in their extinction. We conduct research to address the causes of invasions and their impacts. We also provide technical support for resources managers seeking effective solutions for invasive species. Our focus has been on nonnative salmonids, especially brook trout (Salvenlinus fontinalis) in the western United States, but also on invasive salmon and trout in South America and carp in southeastern Oregon.
Below are publications associated with this project.
Modeling control of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a shallow lake–wetland system
The introduction of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) into North American waterways has led to widespread alteration of aquatic ecosystems. Control of this invader has proven extremely difficult due to its capacity for rapid population growth. To help understand how Common Carp can potentially be controlled we developed a population dynamics model (CarpMOD) to explore the efficacy of active and passiv
Authors
James B Pearson, Jason B. Dunham, J Ryan Bellmore, Donald E. Lyons
Bioenergetics models to estimate numbers of larval lampreys consumed by smallmouth bass in Elk Creek, Oregon
Nonnative fishes have been increasingly implicated in the decline of native fishes in the Pacific Northwest. Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu were introduced into the Umpqua River in southwest Oregon in the early 1960s. The spread of Smallmouth Bass throughout the basin coincided with a decline in counts of upstream-migrating Pacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus. This suggested the potenti
Authors
Luke Schultz, Michael Heck, Brandon M Kowalski, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Kelly C. Coates, Jason B. Dunham
Thermal regimes, nonnative trout, and their influences on native Bull Trout in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon
The occurrence of fish species may be strongly influenced by a stream’s thermal regime (magnitude, frequency, variation, and timing). For instance, magnitude and frequency provide information about sublethal temperatures, variability in temperature can affect behavioral thermoregulation and bioenergetics, and timing of thermal events may cue life history events, such as spawning and migration. We
Authors
Joseph R. Benjamin, Jeannie Heltzel, Jason B. Dunham, Michael Heck, Nolan P. Banish
Genetic signatures of historical dispersal of fish threatened by biological invasions: the case of galaxiids in South America
Aim
The ecological effects of biological invasions are well documented, but little is known about the effects of invaders on the genetic structure of native species. We examined the phylogeography, genetic variation and population structuring of two galaxiid fishes, Aplochiton zebraand A. taeniatus, threatened by non-native salmonids, and whose conservation is complicated by misidentification an
Authors
Delphine Vanhaecke, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz, Gonzalo Gajardo, Jason Dunham, Guillermo Giannico, Sofia Consegura
Differential invasion success of salmonids in southern Chile: patterns and hypotheses
Biological invasions create complex ecological and societal issues worldwide. Most of the knowledge about invasions comes only from successful invaders, but less is known about which processes determine the differential success of invasions. In this review, we develop a framework to identify the main dimensions driving the success and failure of invaders, including human influences, characteristic
Authors
Ivan Arismendi, Brooke E. Penaluna, Jason B. Dunham, Carlos García de Leaniz, Doris Soto, Ian A. Fleming, Daniel Gomez-Uchidam, Gonzalo Gajardo, Pamela V. Vargas, Jorge León-Muñoz
Geographic variability in elevation and topographic constraints on the distribution of native and nonnative trout in the Great Basin
Understanding local and geographic factors influencing species distributions is a prerequisite for conservation planning. Our objective in this study was to model local and geographic variability in elevations occupied by native and nonnative trout in the northwestern Great Basin, USA. To this end, we analyzed a large existing data set of trout presence (5,156 observations) to evaluate two fundame
Authors
Dana R. Warren, Jason B. Dunham, David Hockman-Wert
Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: A framework applied to threatened bull trout
Translocations to recover native fishes have resulted in mixed success. One reason for the failure of these actions is inadequate assessments of their feasibility prior to implementation. Here, we provide a framework developed to assess the feasibility of one type of translocation—reintroduction. The framework was founded on two simple components of feasibility: the potential for recipient habitat
Authors
Jason B. Dunham, Kirsten Gallo, Dan Shively, Chris Allen, Brad Goehring
Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change
Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western Un
Authors
S.J. Wenger, D.J. Isaak, C.H. Luce, H.M. Neville, K.D. Fausch, J. B. Dunham, D.C. Dauwalter, M.K. Young, M.M. Elsner, B.E. Rieman, A.F. Hamlet, J.E. Williams
A trial of two trouts: Comparing the impacts of rainbow and brown trout on a native galaxiid
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta are the world's two most widespread exotic fishes, dominate the fish communities of most cold-temperate waters in the southern hemisphere and are implicated in the decline and extirpation of native fish species. Here, we provide the first direct comparison of the impacts of rainbow and brown trout on populations of a native fish by qua
Authors
K.A. Young, J. B. Dunham, J.F. Stephenson, A. Terreau, A.F. Thailly, G. Gajardo, C. G. de Leaniz
Invasion by nonnative brook trout in Panther Creek, Idaho: Roles of local habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity to source habitats
Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that the invasion of nonnative species in freshwaters is facilitated through the interaction of three factors: habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity. We measured variables that represented each factor to determine which were associated with the occurrence of nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Panther Creek, a tributary to
Authors
Joseph R. Benjamin, Jason B. Dunham, M.R. Dare
Invasive species are a growing threat to native species and ecosystem processes in fresh waters. The Introducing non-native fish into an area may have no effect, little current effect, or the potential to seriously impact the native species, possibly resulting in their extinction. We conduct research to address the causes of invasions and their impacts. We also provide technical support for resources managers seeking effective solutions for invasive species. Our focus has been on nonnative salmonids, especially brook trout (Salvenlinus fontinalis) in the western United States, but also on invasive salmon and trout in South America and carp in southeastern Oregon.
Below are publications associated with this project.
Modeling control of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a shallow lake–wetland system
The introduction of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) into North American waterways has led to widespread alteration of aquatic ecosystems. Control of this invader has proven extremely difficult due to its capacity for rapid population growth. To help understand how Common Carp can potentially be controlled we developed a population dynamics model (CarpMOD) to explore the efficacy of active and passiv
Authors
James B Pearson, Jason B. Dunham, J Ryan Bellmore, Donald E. Lyons
Bioenergetics models to estimate numbers of larval lampreys consumed by smallmouth bass in Elk Creek, Oregon
Nonnative fishes have been increasingly implicated in the decline of native fishes in the Pacific Northwest. Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu were introduced into the Umpqua River in southwest Oregon in the early 1960s. The spread of Smallmouth Bass throughout the basin coincided with a decline in counts of upstream-migrating Pacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus. This suggested the potenti
Authors
Luke Schultz, Michael Heck, Brandon M Kowalski, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Kelly C. Coates, Jason B. Dunham
Thermal regimes, nonnative trout, and their influences on native Bull Trout in the Upper Klamath River Basin, Oregon
The occurrence of fish species may be strongly influenced by a stream’s thermal regime (magnitude, frequency, variation, and timing). For instance, magnitude and frequency provide information about sublethal temperatures, variability in temperature can affect behavioral thermoregulation and bioenergetics, and timing of thermal events may cue life history events, such as spawning and migration. We
Authors
Joseph R. Benjamin, Jeannie Heltzel, Jason B. Dunham, Michael Heck, Nolan P. Banish
Genetic signatures of historical dispersal of fish threatened by biological invasions: the case of galaxiids in South America
Aim
The ecological effects of biological invasions are well documented, but little is known about the effects of invaders on the genetic structure of native species. We examined the phylogeography, genetic variation and population structuring of two galaxiid fishes, Aplochiton zebraand A. taeniatus, threatened by non-native salmonids, and whose conservation is complicated by misidentification an
Authors
Delphine Vanhaecke, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz, Gonzalo Gajardo, Jason Dunham, Guillermo Giannico, Sofia Consegura
Differential invasion success of salmonids in southern Chile: patterns and hypotheses
Biological invasions create complex ecological and societal issues worldwide. Most of the knowledge about invasions comes only from successful invaders, but less is known about which processes determine the differential success of invasions. In this review, we develop a framework to identify the main dimensions driving the success and failure of invaders, including human influences, characteristic
Authors
Ivan Arismendi, Brooke E. Penaluna, Jason B. Dunham, Carlos García de Leaniz, Doris Soto, Ian A. Fleming, Daniel Gomez-Uchidam, Gonzalo Gajardo, Pamela V. Vargas, Jorge León-Muñoz
Geographic variability in elevation and topographic constraints on the distribution of native and nonnative trout in the Great Basin
Understanding local and geographic factors influencing species distributions is a prerequisite for conservation planning. Our objective in this study was to model local and geographic variability in elevations occupied by native and nonnative trout in the northwestern Great Basin, USA. To this end, we analyzed a large existing data set of trout presence (5,156 observations) to evaluate two fundame
Authors
Dana R. Warren, Jason B. Dunham, David Hockman-Wert
Assessing the feasibility of native fish reintroductions: A framework applied to threatened bull trout
Translocations to recover native fishes have resulted in mixed success. One reason for the failure of these actions is inadequate assessments of their feasibility prior to implementation. Here, we provide a framework developed to assess the feasibility of one type of translocation—reintroduction. The framework was founded on two simple components of feasibility: the potential for recipient habitat
Authors
Jason B. Dunham, Kirsten Gallo, Dan Shively, Chris Allen, Brad Goehring
Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change
Broad-scale studies of climate change effects on freshwater species have focused mainly on temperature, ignoring critical drivers such as flow regime and biotic interactions. We use downscaled outputs from general circulation models coupled with a hydrologic model to forecast the effects of altered flows and increased temperatures on four interacting species of trout across the interior western Un
Authors
S.J. Wenger, D.J. Isaak, C.H. Luce, H.M. Neville, K.D. Fausch, J. B. Dunham, D.C. Dauwalter, M.K. Young, M.M. Elsner, B.E. Rieman, A.F. Hamlet, J.E. Williams
A trial of two trouts: Comparing the impacts of rainbow and brown trout on a native galaxiid
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta are the world's two most widespread exotic fishes, dominate the fish communities of most cold-temperate waters in the southern hemisphere and are implicated in the decline and extirpation of native fish species. Here, we provide the first direct comparison of the impacts of rainbow and brown trout on populations of a native fish by qua
Authors
K.A. Young, J. B. Dunham, J.F. Stephenson, A. Terreau, A.F. Thailly, G. Gajardo, C. G. de Leaniz
Invasion by nonnative brook trout in Panther Creek, Idaho: Roles of local habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity to source habitats
Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that the invasion of nonnative species in freshwaters is facilitated through the interaction of three factors: habitat quality, biotic resistance, and connectivity. We measured variables that represented each factor to determine which were associated with the occurrence of nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Panther Creek, a tributary to
Authors
Joseph R. Benjamin, Jason B. Dunham, M.R. Dare