Speculations on colonizing success of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Pipidae), in California

The African clawed frog has been established in California for over twenty years. During that period, populations have spread to most of the drainage systems in southern California. It is suggested that a suite of contributing factors, including morphological, behavioural, and biochemical predator avoidance strategies, and reproductive and feeding (cannibalism) strategies, have aided in the success of this species in an extralimital situation.