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A wintery landscape
A winter landscape in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
A winter landscape in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
A winter landscape in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin

A wintery landscape of snow-covered grass and trees on a late morning in November in Kewaunee County in northeast Wisconsin.

A wintery landscape of snow-covered grass and trees on a late morning in November in Kewaunee County in northeast Wisconsin.

Paper flyer hanging from door handle for a wall water advisory forecast study
Well water advisory forecast study sample collection door hanger
Well water advisory forecast study sample collection door hanger
Scientist in yellow jacket and green hat turning tap on side of house.
Collecting residential tap water sample in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
Collecting residential tap water sample in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
Collecting residential tap water sample in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin

Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment team member Joel Stokdyk collects residential private well water sample for the well water advisory forecast study in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.

Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment team member Joel Stokdyk collects residential private well water sample for the well water advisory forecast study in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.

Two scientists standing in front of white van in front of residential garage
LIDE team members in front of field vehicle when traveling to collect private well water samples
LIDE team members in front of field vehicle when traveling to collect private well water samples
LIDE team members in front of field vehicle when traveling to collect private well water samples

Joel Stokdyk (USGS) and Rachel Cook (USDA) from the USGS Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (LIDE) standing in front of field vehicle en route to collecting private well water samples on a chilly November day in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.

Joel Stokdyk (USGS) and Rachel Cook (USDA) from the USGS Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (LIDE) standing in front of field vehicle en route to collecting private well water samples on a chilly November day in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.

Three scientists collecting residential water well samples on sunny snowy day
LIDE team members collecting private water well samples in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
LIDE team members collecting private water well samples in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin
LIDE team members collecting private water well samples in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin

Team members from the USGS Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (LIDE) collecting private well water samples on a chilly November day in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. Pictured from left to right Joel Stokdyk (USGS), Rachel Cook (USDA), Aaron Firnstahl (USGS). 

Team members from the USGS Laboratory for Infectious Disease and the Environment (LIDE) collecting private well water samples on a chilly November day in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. Pictured from left to right Joel Stokdyk (USGS), Rachel Cook (USDA), Aaron Firnstahl (USGS). 

Scientist collecting homeowner water sample
Joel Stokdyk collecting homeowner water sample
Joel Stokdyk collecting homeowner water sample
Joel Stokdyk collecting homeowner water sample

USGS scientist Joel Stokdyk collects a homeowner water sample in April 2019.

Photo of Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and the Environment (LIDE) lab space
Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and the Environment (LIDE)
Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and the Environment (LIDE)
Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and the Environment (LIDE)

Photo of Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and the Environment (LIDE).

Photo of fluorescence amplification curves from a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis
Fluorescence amplification curves from a qPCR analysis
Fluorescence amplification curves from a qPCR analysis
Fluorescence amplification curves from a qPCR analysis

Example fluorescence amplification curves from a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. By reviewing the fluorescence amplification curves, the concentration of the pathogen in the original sample can be back-calculated from the amount and number of cycles needed to reach the target concentration.

Example fluorescence amplification curves from a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. By reviewing the fluorescence amplification curves, the concentration of the pathogen in the original sample can be back-calculated from the amount and number of cycles needed to reach the target concentration.

Photo of a LIDE scientist preparing a sample for qPCR analysis
Preparing a sample for qPCR analysis
Preparing a sample for qPCR analysis
Preparing a sample for qPCR analysis

Joel Stokdyk, LIDE Biologist, prepares a sample for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. qPCR uses fluorescence to quantify the detection of nucleic acids from a targeted pathogen.

Joel Stokdyk, LIDE Biologist, prepares a sample for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. qPCR uses fluorescence to quantify the detection of nucleic acids from a targeted pathogen.

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